étendre
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French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French estendre, from Old French estendre, from Latin extendere.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]étendre
- (transitive, reflexive) to spread, to spread out, to lay out
- Il étendit du beurre sur du pain. ― He spread butter on bread.
- Il étendit du parchemin. ― He unfurled parchment.
- Il étendit un tapis. ― He laid out a rug.
- Jésus-Christ fut étendu sur la croix.
- Jesus Christ was stretched out on the Cross.
- L’armée s’étendit dans la plaine.
- The army spread out on the plain.
- Une tache d’huile s’étend peu à peu. ― A spot of oil is spreading little by little.
- (transitive) to stretch (the limbs)
- L’oiseau étend ses ailes pour voler.
- The bird spreads its wings to fly.
- Elle étend la main pour le prendre.
- She is stretching her arm to take it.
- (transitive) to hang out (washing)
- (transitive, reflexive) to extend, to enlarge, expand
- Il étendit son empire. ― He expanded his empire.
- Il étendit sa réputation. ― He extended his reputation.
- Il étendit son pouvoir. ― He expanded his power.
- 2020, Alexis Chabot, Manuel de culture générale – Cours & méthode, page 36:
- Cependant, un tel critère reste difficile à prendre au pied de la lettre : n’est-il pas très exceptionnel que le Peuple gouverne? En existe-t-il de véritables exemples? Il importe donc d’étendre cette notion pour intégrer le concept de représentation : faute de quoi on pourrait facilement conclure, à l’instar de [Rousseau] dans son essai Du contrat social qu’«aucune démocratie n’existe ni n’existera jamais en ce monde».
- However, such a criterion is difficult to take literally: isn't it exceptional for the People to govern? Are there any real examples? Otherwise, we could easily conclude, as [Rousseau] did in his essay The Social Contract, that "no democracy exists or will ever exist in this world".
- (reflexive) to expand upon; to discuss in greater detail
- (transitive) to dilute; to water down
- Il étendit du vin avec de l’eau. ― He watered down wine with water.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of étendre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | étendre | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | étendant /e.tɑ̃.dɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | étendu /e.tɑ̃.dy/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | étends /e.tɑ̃/ |
étends /e.tɑ̃/ |
étend /e.tɑ̃/ |
étendons /e.tɑ̃.dɔ̃/ |
étendez /e.tɑ̃.de/ |
étendent /e.tɑ̃d/ |
imperfect | étendais /e.tɑ̃.dɛ/ |
étendais /e.tɑ̃.dɛ/ |
étendait /e.tɑ̃.dɛ/ |
étendions /e.tɑ̃.djɔ̃/ |
étendiez /e.tɑ̃.dje/ |
étendaient /e.tɑ̃.dɛ/ | |
past historic2 | étendis /e.tɑ̃.di/ |
étendis /e.tɑ̃.di/ |
étendit /e.tɑ̃.di/ |
étendîmes /e.tɑ̃.dim/ |
étendîtes /e.tɑ̃.dit/ |
étendirent /e.tɑ̃.diʁ/ | |
future | étendrai /e.tɑ̃.dʁe/ |
étendras /e.tɑ̃.dʁa/ |
étendra /e.tɑ̃.dʁa/ |
étendrons /e.tɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
étendrez /e.tɑ̃.dʁe/ |
étendront /e.tɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | étendrais /e.tɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
étendrais /e.tɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
étendrait /e.tɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
étendrions /e.tɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
étendriez /e.tɑ̃.dʁi.je/ |
étendraient /e.tɑ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | étende /e.tɑ̃d/ |
étendes /e.tɑ̃d/ |
étende /e.tɑ̃d/ |
étendions /e.tɑ̃.djɔ̃/ |
étendiez /e.tɑ̃.dje/ |
étendent /e.tɑ̃d/ |
imperfect2 | étendisse /e.tɑ̃.dis/ |
étendisses /e.tɑ̃.dis/ |
étendît /e.tɑ̃.di/ |
étendissions /e.tɑ̃.di.sjɔ̃/ |
étendissiez /e.tɑ̃.di.sje/ |
étendissent /e.tɑ̃.dis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | étends /e.tɑ̃/ |
— | étendons /e.tɑ̃.dɔ̃/ |
étendez /e.tɑ̃.de/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “étendre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French reflexive verbs
- French terms with usage examples
- French terms with quotations
- French third group verbs
- French irregular verbs