épier
Appearance
See also: êpier
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Middle French espier, from Old French espier, from Vulgar Latin *spiāre (compare Italian spiare; Spanish, Portuguese, and Catalan espiar), from Frankish *spehōn, from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to spy”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”). Cognate with Middle Dutch spien (“to spy”), German spähen (“to peek, peer, spy”).
Verb
[edit]épier
- (transitive) (espionage) to spy on, keep an eye on, watch
- 1924, Emmanuel Bove, Mes Amis[1], archived from the original on 27 May 2019:
- Par les fenêtres entre-bâillées, j’épie les rez-de-chaussée. Je vois des plantes vertes qui viennent d’être arrosées, des douilles d’obus rutilantes et des lames de parquet étroites, cirées, qui font des zigzags.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (transitive, dated) to watch for
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]épier
- (intransitive, agriculture) to ear
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of épier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | épier | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | épiant /e.pjɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | épié /e.pje/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | épie /e.pi/ |
épies /e.pi/ |
épie /e.pi/ |
épions /e.pjɔ̃/ |
épiez /e.pje/ |
épient /e.pi/ |
imperfect | épiais /e.pjɛ/ |
épiais /e.pjɛ/ |
épiait /e.pjɛ/ |
épiions /e.pi.jɔ̃/ |
épiiez /e.pi.je/ |
épiaient /e.pjɛ/ | |
past historic2 | épiai /e.pje/ |
épias /e.pja/ |
épia /e.pja/ |
épiâmes /e.pjam/ |
épiâtes /e.pjat/ |
épièrent /e.pjɛʁ/ | |
future | épierai /e.pi.ʁe/ |
épieras /e.pi.ʁa/ |
épiera /e.pi.ʁa/ |
épierons /e.pi.ʁɔ̃/ |
épierez /e.pi.ʁe/ |
épieront /e.pi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | épierais /e.pi.ʁɛ/ |
épierais /e.pi.ʁɛ/ |
épierait /e.pi.ʁɛ/ |
épierions /e.pi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
épieriez /e.pi.ʁje/ |
épieraient /e.pi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | épie /e.pi/ |
épies /e.pi/ |
épie /e.pi/ |
épiions /e.pi.jɔ̃/ |
épiiez /e.pi.je/ |
épient /e.pi/ |
imperfect2 | épiasse /e.pjas/ |
épiasses /e.pjas/ |
épiât /e.pja/ |
épiassions /e.pja.sjɔ̃/ |
épiassiez /e.pja.sje/ |
épiassent /e.pjas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | épie /e.pi/ |
— | épions /e.pjɔ̃/ |
épiez /e.pje/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
[edit]- “épier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Frankish
- French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- fr:Espionage
- French terms with quotations
- French dated terms
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French intransitive verbs
- fr:Agriculture
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs