Reconstruction:Latin/spio

This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Latin

Alternative forms

• *spicō, *spincō

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy, watch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˈpʲo/

Verb

*spiō (present infinitive *spiāre, perfect active *spiāvī, supine *spiātum); first conjugation (Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)

1. spy, espy

Synonyms

• speculor

Descendants

• Franco-Provençal: apinchî (Lyonnais), epetzi (Swiss)
• Old French: espier, aspier, espeier, espoier
  • Angevin: échaupier
  • Bourbonnais-Berrichon: épiger (Berrichon, Bourbonnais)
  • Middle French: espier
    • French: épier
      • Haitian Creole: espyon
  • Lorrain: h'pié, khpiyé, khpwé
  • Norman: êpier
  • Picard: èpieu (Athois)
  • Walloon: spwè
  • → Middle English: aspien, aspyen, espien, espyen, spien
    • English: aspy, espy, spy
    • Scots: aspy, espy, spy
    • → Welsh: sbio, ysbïo
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: espiar
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: espiar
    • Leonese: achisbare
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: espiar
    • Galician: espiar
    • Portuguese: espiar
  • Spanish: espiar
• Italian: spiare
• Old Occitan: espingar
  • Occitan:
    • Auvergnat: eipïjâ, espïjâ (South), eipijâ, espijâ (Yssingelais), eipïnchâ, espïnchâ (Velay), eipichâ (Gannatois), eipïtâ (Bourbonnaise, Gannatois, West Uplands), ipayà
    • Gascon: aspiar
    • Languedocien: espiar
    • Provençal: espiar (Niçois), espigar
• Romanian: spiona
• Sardinian: ispiare