ysgafnhau

Welsh

Alternative forms

• ysgawnhau

Etymology

From ysgafn +‎ -hau.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌəsɡavnˈhaɨ̯/, [ˌəskavnˈhaɨ̯]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌəsɡavnˈhai̯/, [ˌəskavnˈhai̯]
• Rhymes: -aɨ̯

Verb

ysgafnhau (first-person singular present ysgafnhaf)

1. (transitive or intransitive) to lighten (make or become less heavy)

   Antonym: trymhau

2. (transitive) to ease, to alleviate

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	ysgafnhaf	ysgafnhi	ysgafnha	ysgafnhwn	ysgafnhwch	ysgafnhant	ysgafnhir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	ysgafnhwn	ysgafnhit	ysgafnhai	ysgafnhem	ysgafnhech	ysgafnhent	ysgafnhid
preterite	ysgafnhais	ysgafnhaist	ysgafnhodd	ysgafnhasom	ysgafnhasoch	ysgafnhasant	ysgafnhwyd
pluperfect	ysgafnhaswn	ysgafnhasit	ysgafnhasai	ysgafnhasem	ysgafnhasech	ysgafnhasent	ysgafnhasid, ysgafnhesid
present subjunctive	ysgafnhwyf	ysgafnhych	ysgafnho	ysgafnhom	ysgafnhoch	ysgafnhont	ysgafnher
imperative	—	ysgafnha	ysgafnhed	ysgafnhwn	ysgafnhwch	ysgafnhent	ysgafnher
verbal noun	ysgafnhau
verbal adjectives	ysgafnhedig ysgafnhadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	ysgafnha i, ysgafnhaf i	ysgafnhi di	ysgafnhith o/e/hi, ysgafnhiff e/hi	ysgafnhwn ni	ysgafnhwch chi	ysgafnhan nhw
conditional	ysgafnhwn i, ysgafnhswn i	ysgafnhet ti, ysgafnhset ti	ysgafnhai fo/fe/hi, ysgafnhsai fo/fe/hi	ysgafnhen ni, ysgafnhsen ni	ysgafnhech chi, ysgafnhsech chi	ysgafnhen nhw, ysgafnhsen nhw
preterite	ysgafnhais i, ysgafnhes i	ysgafnhaist ti, ysgafnhest ti	ysgafnhodd o/e/hi	ysgafnhon ni	ysgafnhoch chi	ysgafnhon nhw
imperative	—	ysgafnha	—	—	ysgafnhwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of ysgafnhau

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ysgafnhau	unchanged	unchanged	hysgafnhau

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ysgafnhau”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies