vocalis

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vōcālis (“sounding, vocal”), clipping of mūsculus vōcālis (“vocal muscle”). Doublet of vocal and vowel.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /voʊˈkeɪ.lɪs/
• Rhymes: -eɪlɪs

Noun

vocalis (plural vocales)

1. (anatomy) A triangular band of muscle that is the medial part of the thyroarytenoid muscle, originates in the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and inserts into the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage; it lies parallel with the vocal ligament to which it is adherent and modulates the tension of the true vocal cords.

Translations

muscle

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 聲帶肌 / 声带肌 (shēngdàijī)

References

• “vocalis”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /u̯oːˈkaː.lis/, [u̯oːˈkäːlʲɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /voˈka.lis/, [voˈkäːlis]

Etymology 1

From vōx (“a voice, sound, tone”) +‎ -ālis (“-al”, adjective-forming derivational suffix).

Adjective

vōcālis (neuter vōcāle, adverb vōcāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. (literally) uttering a voice, having a voice; speaking, sounding, sonorous, speaking, crying, singing, melodious; vocal
2. (transferred sense):
   1. (causative, rare, poetic) making vocal, causing or inspiring speech or song
   2. prophesying

Inflection

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	vōcālis	vōcāle		vōcālēs	vōcālia
genitive	vōcālis			vōcālium
dative	vōcālī			vōcālibus
accusative	vōcālem	vōcāle		vōcālēs vōcālīs	vōcālia
ablative	vōcālī			vōcālibus
vocative	vōcālis	vōcāle		vōcālēs	vōcālia

Derived terms

• sēmivocālis
• vōcālitās (noun)
• vōcāliter (adverb)
• vōcālēs

Descendants

Descendants

• → Catalan: vocal
• → Dutch: vocaal
• → English: vocal, vocalis
• → German: vokal
• → Italian: vocale
• → Old French: vocal
  • → French: vocal
• → Portuguese: vocal
• → Romanian: vocal
• → Spanish: vocal
• → Swedish: vokal

Etymology 2

Noun use of the adjective vōcālis, in elliptical use for littera vōcālis or lītera vōcālis (literally “sounding letter”), a calque of Ancient Greek φωνῆεν (phōnêen).

Noun

vōcālis f (genitive vōcālis); third declension

1. (grammar) vowel

   Synonyms: littera vōcālis, lītera vōcālis

Inflection

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

	singular	plural
nominative	vōcālis	vōcālēs
genitive	vōcālis	vōcālium
dative	vōcālī	vōcālibus
accusative	vōcālem	vōcālēs vōcālīs
ablative	vōcāle vōcālī	vōcālibus
vocative	vōcālis	vōcālēs

Descendants

Descendants

• → Aragonese: vocal
• → Asturian: vocal
• → Catalan: vocal
• Corsican: vucale
• → Czech: vokál
• → Danish: vokal
• → Dutch: vocaal, vokaal (superseded)
  • Afrikaans: vokaal
  • → Indonesian: vokal
  • →? Malay: vokal
• → Dutch: klinker (calque)
  • Afrikaans: klinker
  • → West Frisian: klinker
• → Friulian: vocâl
• → German: Vokal m
  • → Esperanto: vokalo m
  • → Yiddish: וואָקאַל m (vokal)
• → Interlingua: vocal
• → Italian: vocale
• → Latvian: vokālis
• → Macedonian: вокал (vokal)
• → Norwegian:

  → Norwegian Bokmål: vokal

  → Norwegian Nynorsk: vokal

• Old French: voyeul, vouel
  • French: voyelle
  • Walloon: voyale
  • → English: vowel
  • → Scots: vouel
• → Old Irish: gutte (calque)
  • Irish: guta
• Old Galician-Portuguese:
  • Galician: vogal
  • Portuguese: vogal
• → Romanian: vocală
• → Romansch: vocal
• → Russian: гла́сный (glásnyj) (calque)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: вокал

  Roman: vokal

• → Spanish: vocal
  • → Basque: bokal
• → Swedish: vokal
  • →? Finnish: vokaali
  • →? Ingrian: vokaali
  • →? Veps: vokal'
• → Ukrainian: голосний (holosnyj) (calque)

See also

• cōnsonāns

References

• “vocalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vocalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "vocalis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• vocalis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Middle High German

Etymology

From Latin vōcālis.

Noun

vocalis f

1. vowel
   • 13th century. In: Seifried Helbling. Herausgegeben und erklärt von Joseph Seemüller, Halle a. S., 1886, p. 237f.:

     Quinque sunt vocales
     A E I O U.
     Diu êrst vocalis ist daz â.
     [...]
     Diu dritt vocalis ist daz î.
     [...]
     Diu fünft vocalis ist daz û.
     [...]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 13th century. In: Das deutsche Kirchenlied von der ältesten Zeit bis zu Anfang des XVII. Jahrhunderts. Von Philipp Wackernagel. Zweiter Band, Leipzig, 1867, p. 209:

     Quinque sunt vocales, | A E I O U. | Diu erst vocalis ist daz a. | [...] | Diu dritt vocalis ist daz i. | [...] | Diu vünft vocalis ist daz u. | [...]

Related terms

• vocales