vergraulen
Appearance
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]20th century, from ver- + graulen (“to be scared”, rare or regional). The latter is from earlier graueln, a variant of (also rare) gräueln, from Middle High German griuweln, grūweln, whence the noun Gräuel (“horror”). The form with -ūw- (modern -au-) probably shows the same Central German development as in brauen, kauen. The change from -eln to -len is unremarkable (in fact, many speakers merge these entirely).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]vergraulen (weak, third-person singular present vergrault, past tense vergraulte, past participle vergrault, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to put off, drive off, scare off (cause someone to lose interest, e.g. through unfriendliness)
- Synonyms: vergrätzen, vertreiben
- (transitive, less common) to spoil something for someone (make them lose interest in)
- Synonyms: verleiden, trüben, (informal) madig machen, versauen
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | vergraulen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | vergraulend | ||||
past participle | vergrault | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich vergraule | wir vergraulen | i | ich vergraule | wir vergraulen |
du vergraulst | ihr vergrault | du vergraulest | ihr vergraulet | ||
er vergrault | sie vergraulen | er vergraule | sie vergraulen | ||
preterite | ich vergraulte | wir vergraulten | ii | ich vergraulte1 | wir vergraulten1 |
du vergraultest | ihr vergraultet | du vergraultest1 | ihr vergraultet1 | ||
er vergraulte | sie vergraulten | er vergraulte1 | sie vergraulten1 | ||
imperative | vergraul (du) vergraule (du) |
vergrault (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “vergraulen” in Duden online
- “vergraulen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache