vengier

Middle French

Alternative forms

venger

Etymology

From Old French vengier.

Verb

vengier

to avenge, to take revenge (upon)

Conjugation

As chevauchier except an extra e is inserted before a and o.
Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of vengier

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	vengier
present participle¹ or gerund²	simple	vengeant
present participle¹ or gerund²	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		vengié
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	venge	venges	venge	vengions	vengiez	vengent
	imperfect	vengeois, vengeoys	vengeois, vengeoys	vengeoit, vengeoyt	vengions, vengyons	vengiez, vengyez	vengeoient, vengeoyent
	past historic	vengea	vengeas	vengea	vengeasmes	vengeastes	vengierent
	future	vengierai, vengieray	vengieras	vengiera	vengierons	vengierez	vengieront
	conditional	vengierois, vengieroys	vengierois, vengieroys	vengieroit, vengieroyt	vengierions, vengieryons	vengieriez, vengieryez	vengieroient, vengieroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	venge	venges	venge	vengions	vengiez	vengent
(simple tenses)	imperfect	vengeasse	vengeasses	vengeast	vengeassions	vengeassiez	vengeassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	venge	—	vengions	vengiez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
² The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

French: venger

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin vindicāre, present active infinitive of vindicō.

Verb

vengier

to avenge, to take revenge (upon)
- c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la complainte de Monseigneur Joffroi de Sergines:
  Son seigneur lige tint tant chier
  Qu'il ala avec li vengier
  He held his master in such high esteem
  That he want with him to avenge him

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Conjugation of vengier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		vengier			avoir vengié
gerund		en venjant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		venjant
past participle		vengié
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	venge	venges	venge	venjons	vengiez	vengent
	imperfect	venjoie, vengeie, venjoe, vengieve	venjoies, vengeies, venjoes, vengieves	venjoit, vengeit, venjot, vengieve	vengiiens, vengiens	vengiiez, vengiez	venjoient, vengeient, venjoent, vengievent
	preterite	venjai	venjas	venja	venjames	venjastes	vengierent
	future	vengerai	vengeras	vengera	vengerons	vengeroiz, vengereiz, vengerez	vengeront
	conditional	vengeroie, vengereie	vengeroies, vengereies	vengeroit, vengereit	vengeriiens, vengeriens	vengeriiez, vengeriez	vengeroient, vengereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	venge	venges	venge	venjons	vengiez	vengent
simple tenses	imperfect	venjasse	venjasses	venjast	vengissons, vengissiens	vengissoiz, vengissez, vengissiez	venjassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
imperative		—	venge	—	venjons	vengiez	—

Derived terms

avengier

Related terms

Descendants

Middle French: vengier, venger
- French: venger
→ Italian: vengiare