vakar

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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Perhaps from a bound root of unknown origin + -r (obsolete frequentative suffix).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈvɒkɒr]
  • Hyphenation: va‧kar
  • Rhymes: -ɒr

Verb

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vakar

  1. (transitive) to scratch

Conjugation

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conjugation of vakar
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. vakarok vakarsz vakar vakarunk vakartok vakarnak
Def. vakarom vakarod vakarja vakarjuk vakarjátok vakarják
2nd-p. o. vakarlak ―
Past Indef. vakartam vakartál vakart vakartunk vakartatok vakartak
Def. vakartam vakartad vakarta vakartuk vakartátok vakarták
2nd-p. o. vakartalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. vakarni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. vakarék vakarál vakara vakaránk vakarátok vakarának
Def. vakarám vakarád vakará vakaránk vakarátok vakarák
2nd-p. o. vakarálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. vakar vala, vakart vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. vakarandok vakarandasz vakarand vakarandunk vakarandotok vakarandanak
Def. vakarandom vakarandod vakarandja vakarandjuk vakarandjátok vakarandják
2nd-p. o. vakarandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. vakarnék vakarnál vakarna vakarnánk vakarnátok vakarnának
Def. vakarnám vakarnád vakarná vakarnánk
(or vakarnók) 		vakarnátok vakarnák
2nd-p. o. vakarnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vakart volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. vakarjak vakarj or
vakarjál 		vakarjon vakarjunk vakarjatok vakarjanak
Def. vakarjam vakard or
vakarjad 		vakarja vakarjuk vakarjátok vakarják
2nd-p. o. vakarjalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vakart légyen
Infinitive vakarni vakarnom vakarnod vakarnia vakarnunk vakarnotok vakarniuk
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
vakarás vakaró vakart vakarandó vakarva (vakarván) vakartat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of vakar
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. vakarhatok vakarhatsz vakarhat vakarhatunk vakarhattok vakarhatnak
Def. vakarhatom vakarhatod vakarhatja vakarhatjuk vakarhatjátok vakarhatják
2nd-p. o. vakarhatlak ―
Past Indef. vakarhattam vakarhattál vakarhatott vakarhattunk vakarhattatok vakarhattak
Def. vakarhattam vakarhattad vakarhatta vakarhattuk vakarhattátok vakarhatták
2nd-p. o. vakarhattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. vakarhaték vakarhatál vakarhata vakarhatánk vakarhatátok vakarhatának
Def. vakarhatám vakarhatád vakarhatá vakarhatánk vakarhatátok vakarhaták
2nd-p. o. vakarhatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. vakarhat vala, vakarhatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. vakarhatandok
or vakarandhatok 		vakarhatandasz
or vakarandhatsz 		vakarhatand
or vakarandhat 		vakarhatandunk
or vakarandhatunk 		vakarhatandotok
or vakarandhattok 		vakarhatandanak
or vakarandhatnak
Def. vakarhatandom
or vakarandhatom 		vakarhatandod
or vakarandhatod 		vakarhatandja
or vakarandhatja 		vakarhatandjuk
or vakarandhatjuk 		vakarhatandjátok
or vakarandhatjátok 		vakarhatandják
or vakarandhatják
2nd-p. o. vakarhatandalak
or vakarandhatlak 		―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. vakarhatnék vakarhatnál vakarhatna vakarhatnánk vakarhatnátok vakarhatnának
Def. vakarhatnám vakarhatnád vakarhatná vakarhatnánk
(or vakarhatnók) 		vakarhatnátok vakarhatnák
2nd-p. o. vakarhatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vakarhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. vakarhassak vakarhass or
vakarhassál 		vakarhasson vakarhassunk vakarhassatok vakarhassanak
Def. vakarhassam vakarhasd or
vakarhassad 		vakarhassa vakarhassuk vakarhassátok vakarhassák
2nd-p. o. vakarhassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vakarhatott légyen
Inf. (vakarhatni) (vakarhatnom) (vakarhatnod) (vakarhatnia) (vakarhatnunk) (vakarhatnotok) (vakarhatniuk)
Positive adjective vakarható Neg. adj. vakarhatatlan Adv. part. (vakarhatva / vakarhatván)

Derived terms

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(With verbal prefixes):

References

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  1. ^ vakar in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.

Further reading

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  • vakar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Latgalian

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Etymology

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Cognate with Latvian vakar and Lithuanian vakar.

Related to vokors (“night”), with the original meaning being similar to "the previous night".

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈvakàr]
  • Hyphenation: va‧kar

Adverb

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vakar

  1. yesterday

Derived terms

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References

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  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 112

Latvian

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Etymology

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Probably the adverbial form of an earlier (unattested) adjective, of which vakars (“night”) is the nominal form. The original meaning was probably “the previous night”, whence later “yesterday”; compare Russian ве́чер (véčer, “evening”), вчера́ (včerá, “yesterday”).[1]

Pronunciation

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This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Adverb

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vakar

  1. yesterday (in the day before today)
    vakar bija slikts laiks ― yesterday the weather was bad
    vakar no rīta ― yesterday morning
    vakar vakarā ― yesterday evening
    “jaunkundze vakar vēlu pārnāca mājās?” “jā, aizgājām no kluba pie Ralfa spēlēt pokeru” ― “milady came back late yesterday?” “yes, I went from the club to Ralph's (place) to play poker”
  2. yesterday (in the, usually recent, past)
    funkcionāri šodien ir vienkāršāki, demokrātiskāki nekā vakar ― (public) officials are simpler, more democratic today than yesterday

Usage notes

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Vakars as a noun, means “evening” (locative form vakarā “in the evening”, used also as a temporal adverb) while historically related vakar is an adverb, meaning “yesterday” (its nominal counterpart is vakardiena “(the day of) yesterday”).

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “vakars”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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From vakaras. Compare Russian вечер (večer) and вчера (včera).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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vãkar (not comparable)

  1. yesterday
    Vakar kur buvai?
    Where were you yesterday?

Derived terms

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See also

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Dates relative to today in Lithuanian (layout · text)
–3 –2 –1 0 +1 +2 +3
direct speech three days ago two days ago yesterday today tomorrow in two days in three days
užužvakar užvakar vakar šiandien rytoj poryt užporyt
reported speech three days before, three days earlier two days before, two days earlier the day before on that day the next day two days later three days later
[Term?] [Term?] [Term?] [Term?] [Term?] [Term?] [Term?]

Further reading

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Swedish

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Noun

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vakar

  1. indefinite plural of vak

Verb

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vakar

  1. present indicative of vaka
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