tvarka
See also: tvarką
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of disputed origin:
- Otrębski (1967) derives the word from a k-extension of Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to enclose, grab”), comparing to tvìrtas (“firm, tough”).[1]
- Bammesberger (1994) derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *twerḱ- (“to cut off, carve”); however, the presence of a k rather than a š in the Lithuanian form is unexpected.[1]
- Smoczynski (2007) considers the word's root, tvark-, as an o-grade formation from tvir̃kti (“to live in an undisciplined and idle manner”), which he considers of unknown origin, thus implicitly rejecting the above hypotheses.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tvarkà f (plural tvar̃kos) stress pattern 4
Declension
[edit]Declension of tvarkà
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | tvarkà | tvar̃kos |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | tvarkõs | tvarkų̃ |
| dative (naudininkas) | tvar̃kai | tvarkóms |
| accusative (galininkas) | tvar̃ką | tvarkàs |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | tvarkà | tvarkomìs |
| locative (vietininkas) | tvarkojè | tvarkosè |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | tvar̃ka | tvar̃kos |