tsukkõr

Livonian

Etymology

Latvian cukurs acquired the <c> (/ts/) sound only in the 19th century, before that it is attested as sukurs. Karulis thinks that the Latvian term was borrowed via a historical Livonian form sukker.^[1] Suhonen, in turn, list the modern Livonian tsukkõr as borrowed from Latvian cukurs, alongside he also lists sukkur from the comparably poorly attested Salaca Livonian and the form cukars from Dundaga Latvian^[2] (close to the modern Livonian speaking area), the latter is essentially identical to the modern Livonian term in its phonetic makeup.

This would not be the only example of re-borrowing, compare, for example, Livonian būojõ from Latvian bojāt which ultimately from Livonian pūoj.

If both Karulis and Suhonen be right, then the origin of this term is tsukkõr < Latvian cukurs < Livonian sukker ~ sukkur < German Zucker < Italian zucchero < < Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar) < Persian < Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t̪sukːər/

Noun

tsukkõr

sugar

Declension

Declension of *tsukkõr* (237)
	singular (ikšlug)	plural (pǟgiņlug)
nominative (nominatīv)	tsukkõr	tsukkõrd
genitive (genitīv)	tsukkõr	tsukkõrd
partitive (partitīv)	tsukkõrt	tsukkõri
dative (datīv)	tsukkõrõn	tsukkõrdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	tsukkõrõks	tsukkõrdõks
illative (illatīv)	tsukkõrõ	tsukkõriž
inessive (inesīv)	tsukkõrõs tsukkõrs	tsukkõris
elative (elatīv)	tsukkõrõst tsukkõrst	tsukkõrist

References

^ “cukurs” in Konstantīns Karulis (1992, 2001), Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca, Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
^ Seppo Suhonen (1973), Die jungen lettischen Lehnwörter im Livischen, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 228

[1] “cukurs” in Konstantīns Karulis (1992, 2001), Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca, Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[2] Seppo Suhonen (1973), Die jungen lettischen Lehnwörter im Livischen, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 228

[1]

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