cukurs

Latvian

Cukurs (sense 1)

Cukura graudiņi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH

Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā)bor.

Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (škʿ)bor.

Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar)bor.

Italian zuccherobor.

Middle High German zucker

German Zuckerbor.

Latvian cukurs

Borrowed from German Zucker, first attested in Latvian in the 17th century as sukurs, apparently via Livonian sukker. The form cukurs, with the initial s "corrected" to c [ts], occurs only later, in the 19th century. The German word is itself a borrowing from Italian zucchero, also borrowed from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), borrowed from Persian شکر (šakar), borrowed from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground sugar”). Doublet of krokodils.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tsukuɾs]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: cu‧kurs

Noun

cukurs m (1st declension)

2. (chilefly in the singular) sugar (white, crystalline powder used to sweeten drinks and foods)

   biešu cukurs ― beet sugar

   niedru cukurs ― cane sugar

   smalkais cukurs ― granulated (lit. fine) sugar

   cukura graudiņi ― sugar cubes

   cukura sīrups ― sugar syrup

   dzert tēju ar cukuru ― to drink tea with sugar

   Mēs arvien dzērām tik saldu kafiju, ka cukurs vēl palika neizkusis krūzītes dibenā

   We always drank coffee so sweet, the sugar remained undissolved at the bottom of the cup.

3. (singular or plural) sugar (organic substance of the carbohydrate group)

   dabiskie cukuri ― natural sugars

   vienkāršie cukuri (monosaharīdi) ― simple sugars (monosaccharides)

   piena cukurs (laktoze) ― milk sugar (lactose)

   augļu cukurs (fruktoze) ― fruit sugar (fructose)

   vīnogu cukurs (glikoze) ― grape sugar (glucose)

   Cukuri labi šķīst ūdenī, un līdz ar to tie ātri izsūcas caur gremošanas orgānu sieniņām, ātri nokļūst asinīs un ātri var tikt izmantoti organismā.

   Sugars dissolve well in water; consequently, they are quickly absorbed through the walls of the digestive organs, quickly enter the bloodstream and can quickly be used in the organism.

Declension

Declension of cukurs (1st declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	cukurs	cukuri
accusative (akuzatīvs)	cukuru	cukurus
genitive (ģenitīvs)	cukura	cukuru
dative (datīvs)	cukuram	cukuriem
instrumental (instrumentālis)	cukuru	cukuriem
locative (lokatīvs)	cukurā	cukuros
vocative (vokatīvs)	cukur	cukuri

Descendants

• → Livonian: tsukkõr