tráigid

Old Irish

Etymology

The surviving present stem is a denominative formation from tráig (“ebb, beach”). However, Weiss derives the preterite and future stems from a related B II verb Proto-Celtic *tragyeti, whence also Middle Welsh treio.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtraːɣʲiðʲ]

Verb

tráigid

1. to ebb
2. to exhaust

Inflection

The verb was originally a strong verb, but by early Irish the present stem was being replaced by a weak formation already.

Simple, class A II present, reduplicated preterite, s future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Abs.						tráigit
	Conj.
	Rel.			tráigis
Imperfect indicative
Preterite	Abs.			tethraig			tethragtar
	Conj.			·tethraig
	Rel.
Perfect	Deut.			ro·tethraig
	Prot.
Future	Abs.			tethrais
	Conj.
	Rel.
Conditional
Present subjunctive	Abs.
	Conj.
	Rel.
Past subjunctive				·tragad
Imperative
Verbal noun
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Descendants

• Middle Irish: tráigid
  • Irish: tráigh (“to ebb”), tnáith (“to exhaust”)

Mutation

Mutation of tráigid

radical	lenition	nasalization
tráigid	thráigid	tráigid pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tráigid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language