torjua
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *torjudak. Related to Estonian tõrjuma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]torjua (transitive)
- to ward off, fend off, defend from (repel an attack)
- to turn down, reject, rebuff, scorn (refuse to accept, e.g. a proposal)
- En uskalla puhua hänelle, koska pelkään tulevani torjutuksi.
- I don't dare speak to her, because I'm afraid I'd get rejected.
- (figuratively) to tackle (face or deal with; especially a negative phenomenon)
- Mikä on hallituksen lähestymistapa suhteessa köyhyyden torjumiseen?
- What is the government's approach towards tackling poverty?
- (figuratively) to defy (not conform to or follow a pattern, set of rules or expectations)
- (sports) to save (to catch or deflect a shot at goal)
- to intercept (a rocket or missile)
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of torjua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | torjun | en torju | 1st sing. | olen torjunut | en ole torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | torjut | et torju | 2nd sing. | olet torjunut | et ole torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | torjuu | ei torju | 3rd sing. | on torjunut | ei ole torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | torjumme | emme torju | 1st plur. | olemme torjuneet | emme ole torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | torjutte | ette torju | 2nd plur. | olette torjuneet | ette ole torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | torjuvat | eivät torju | 3rd plur. | ovat torjuneet | eivät ole torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | torjutaan | ei torjuta | passive | on torjuttu | ei ole torjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | torjuin | en torjunut | 1st sing. | olin torjunut | en ollut torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | torjuit | et torjunut | 2nd sing. | olit torjunut | et ollut torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | torjui | ei torjunut | 3rd sing. | oli torjunut | ei ollut torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | torjuimme | emme torjuneet | 1st plur. | olimme torjuneet | emme olleet torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | torjuitte | ette torjuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte torjuneet | ette olleet torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | torjuivat | eivät torjuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat torjuneet | eivät olleet torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | torjuttiin | ei torjuttu | passive | oli torjuttu | ei ollut torjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | torjuisin | en torjuisi | 1st sing. | olisin torjunut | en olisi torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | torjuisit | et torjuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit torjunut | et olisi torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | torjuisi | ei torjuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi torjunut | ei olisi torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | torjuisimme | emme torjuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme torjuneet | emme olisi torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | torjuisitte | ette torjuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte torjuneet | ette olisi torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | torjuisivat | eivät torjuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat torjuneet | eivät olisi torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | torjuttaisiin | ei torjuttaisi | passive | olisi torjuttu | ei olisi torjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | torju | älä torju | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | torjukoon | älköön torjuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon torjunut | älköön olko torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | torjukaamme | älkäämme torjuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | torjukaa | älkää torjuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | torjukoot | älkööt torjuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot torjuneet | älkööt olko torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | torjuttakoon | älköön torjuttako | passive | olkoon torjuttu | älköön olko torjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | torjunen | en torjune | 1st sing. | lienen torjunut | en liene torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | torjunet | et torjune | 2nd sing. | lienet torjunut | et liene torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | torjunee | ei torjune | 3rd sing. | lienee torjunut | ei liene torjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | torjunemme | emme torjune | 1st plur. | lienemme torjuneet | emme liene torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | torjunette | ette torjune | 2nd plur. | lienette torjuneet | ette liene torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | torjunevat | eivät torjune | 3rd plur. | lienevät torjuneet | eivät liene torjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | torjuttaneen | ei torjuttane | passive | lienee torjuttu | ei liene torjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | torjua | present | torjuva | torjuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | torjunut | torjuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | torjuessa | torjuttaessa | agent4 | torjuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | torjumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | torjuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | torjumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | torjumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | torjumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | torjumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | torjumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | torjuman | torjuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | torjuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Synonyms
[edit]- (to defend successfully): ehkäistä, estää
- (to turn down): hylätä
- (to reject): antaa rukkaset
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “torjua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/orjuɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/orjuɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish transitive verbs
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- fi:Sports
- Finnish sanoa-type verbs