tḫtḫ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tɛxtɛx/
  • Conventional anglicization: tekhtekh

Verb

 4-lit.

1. (transitive) to confuse, to confound, to disorder (words, thoughts, reckoning of time, enemies, etc.)
2. (transitive) to disorder, to mess up (hair)
3. (transitive) to crumple (papers) [Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of tḫtḫ (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: tḫtḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
tḫtḫ	tḫtḫw, tḫtḫ	tḫtḫt	tḫtḫ	tḫtḫ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
tḫtḫ	ḥr tḫtḫ	m tḫtḫ	r tḫtḫ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	tḫtḫ.n	tḫtḫw, tḫtḫ	consecutive	tḫtḫ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	tḫtḫt
perfective3	tḫtḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	tḫtḫ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	tḫtḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	tḫtḫw, tḫtḫ	tḫtḫw, tḫtḫ	potentialis1	tḫtḫ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	tḫtḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	tḫtḫ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	tḫtḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	tḫtḫ	tḫtḫ, tḫtḫw5, tḫtḫy5
imperfective	tḫtḫ, tḫtḫy, tḫtḫw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	tḫtḫ, tḫtḫj6, tḫtḫy6	tḫtḫ, tḫtḫw5
prospective	tḫtḫ, tḫtḫtj7	—	tḫtḫwtj1 4, tḫtḫtj4, tḫtḫt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tḫtḫ  

tḫtḫ	tḫtḫ	tḫtḫ	tḫtḫ	tḫtḫ
				in sense ‘crumple (papers)’

Descendants

• Demotic: tẖtẖ
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲱⳉ (tōx)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲱϧ (thōx), ⲑⲟϧⲧⲉϧ (thoxtex)
  • >? Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲟϩ (thoh)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲱϩ (tōh)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲱϩ (tōh)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱϩ (tōh), ⲧⲁϩⲧϩ (tahth)

Noun

 m

1. confusion, disorder

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tḫtḫ  

tḫtḫ	tḫꜣtḫꜣ	tḫꜣtḫꜣ	tjḫtjḫ
	[Pyramid Texts]	[Pyramid Texts]	[Pyramid Texts]

References

• “tḫtḫ (lemma ID 173370)” and “tḫtḫ (lemma ID 854420)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 325.21, 328.8–328.13
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 301
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 206