ⲑⲱϧ

Coptic

Alternative forms

• ⲧⲱⳉ (tōx) — Akhmimic
• ⲑⲟϩ (thoh) — Bohairic
• ⲧⲟϩ (toh) — Fayyumic
• ⲧⲱϩ (tōh) — Sahidic

Etymology

Possibly via haplology of ⲑⲟϧⲧⲉϧ (thoxtex) or directly from Egyptian (tḫtḫ, “to confuse; disorder, confusion”), via Demotic tẖtẖ (“to confuse”).

Verb

ⲑⲱϧ • (thōx) (nominal state ⲑⲉϧ-, pronominal state ⲑⲁϧ⸗)

1. (Bohairic, intransitive) to be mixed, be disturbed, be clouded
2. (Bohairic, transitive) to mix, stir

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲑⲱϧ (Bohairic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⲑⲱϧ thōx	imperative	affirmative	ⲑⲱϧ thōx
	negative	ϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲱϧ štemthōx		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲑⲱϧ m̀perthōx

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯⲑⲱϧ tithōx	ⲕⲑⲱϧ kthōx	ⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ tethōx	ϥⲑⲱϧ fthōx	ⲥⲑⲱϧ sthōx	ⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ tenthōx	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ tetenthōx	ⲥⲉⲑⲱϧ sethōx	ⲑⲱϧ thōx
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓⲑⲱϧ eithōx	ⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ ekthōx	ⲉⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ erethōx	ⲉϥⲑⲱϧ efthōx	ⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ esthōx	ⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ enthōx	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ eretenthōx	ⲉⲩⲑⲱϧ euthōx	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ere- thōx
	relative		ⲉϯⲑⲱϧ etithōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ etekthōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ etethōx	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ etefthōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ etesthōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etenthōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etetenthōx	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ etouthōx	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ete- thōx
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ naithōx	ⲛⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ nakthōx	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ narethōx	ⲛⲁϥⲑⲱϧ nafthōx	ⲛⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ nasthōx	ⲛⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ nanthōx	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ naretenthōx	ⲛⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ nauthōx	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ nare- thōx
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ aithōx	ⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ akthōx	ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ arethōx	ⲁϥⲑⲱϧ afthōx	ⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ asthōx	ⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ anthōx	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ aretenthōx	ⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ authōx	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ are- thōx
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ tinathōx	ⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ khnathōx	ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲑⲱϧ terathōx	ϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ fnathōx	ⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ snathōx	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ tennathōx	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ tetennathōx	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ senathōx	ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nathōx
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ einathōx	ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ekhnathōx	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ erenathōx	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ efnathōx	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ esnathōx	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ennathōx	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ eretennathōx	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ eunathōx	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ere- nathōx
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etinathōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etekhnathōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etenathōx	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etefnathōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etesnathōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etennathōx	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etetennathōx	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ etounathōx	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ete- nathōx
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nainathōx	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nakhnathōx	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ narenathōx	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nafnathōx	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nasnathōx	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nannathōx	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ naretennathōx	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ naunathōx	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ nare- nathōx
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ainathōx	ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ akhnathōx	ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ arenathōx	ⲁϥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ afnathōx	ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ asnathōx	ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ annathōx	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ aretennathōx	ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ aunathōx	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ are- nathōx
negated with			(ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ aithōx	ⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ akthōx	ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ arethōx	ⲁϥⲑⲱϧ afthōx	ⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ asthōx	ⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ anthōx	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ atetenthōx	ⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ authōx	ⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ a- thōx
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲱϧ m̀pithōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ m̀pekthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲱϧ m̀pethōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲱϧ m̀pefthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ m̀pesthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀penthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀petenthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ m̀pouthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ m̀pe- thōx
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ eaithōx	ⲉⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ eakthōx	ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ earethōx	ⲉⲁϥⲑⲱϧ eafthōx	ⲉⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ easthōx	ⲉⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ eanthōx	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ eatetenthōx	ⲉⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ eauthōx	ⲉⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ ea- thōx
		negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲱϧ em̀pithōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ em̀pekthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲱϧ em̀pethōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲱϧ em̀pefthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ em̀pesthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀penthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀petenthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ em̀pouthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ em̀pe- thōx
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ etaithōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ etakthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ etarethōx	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲑⲱϧ etafthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ etasthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ etanthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etaretenthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ etauthōx	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ eta- thōx
		negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲱϧ etm̀pithōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ etm̀pekthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲱϧ etm̀pethōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲱϧ etm̀pefthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ etm̀pesthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀penthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀petenthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ etm̀pouthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ etm̀pe- thōx
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ neaithōx	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ neakthōx	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ nearethōx	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲑⲱϧ neafthōx	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ neasthōx	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ neanthōx	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ neatetenthōx	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ neauthōx	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ nea- thōx
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲱϧ nem̀pithōx	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ nem̀pekthōx	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲱϧ nem̀pethōx	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲑⲱϧ nem̀pefthōx	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ nem̀pesthōx	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nem̀penthōx	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nem̀petenthōx	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ nem̀pouthōx	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ nem̀pe- thōx
	focalising, precursive	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ etaithōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ etakthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ etarethōx	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲑⲱϧ etafthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ etasthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ etanthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etaretenthōx	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ etauthōx	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲑⲱϧ eta- thōx
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲱϧ m̀patithōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ m̀patekthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ m̀patethōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ m̀patefthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ m̀patesthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀patenthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀patetenthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ m̀patouthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ m̀pate- thōx
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲱϧ em̀patithōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ em̀patekthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ em̀patethōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ em̀patefthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ em̀patesthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀patenthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀patetenthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ em̀patouthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ em̀pate- thōx
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲱϧ etm̀patithōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ etm̀patekthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ etm̀patethōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ etm̀patefthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ etm̀patesthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀patenthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀patetenthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ etm̀patouthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ etm̀pate- thōx
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲑⲱϧ nam̀patithōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ nam̀patekthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ nam̀patethōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ nam̀patefthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ nam̀patesthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nam̀patenthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nam̀patetenthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ nam̀patouthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ nam̀pate- thōx
aorist	basic	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ šaithōx	ϣⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ šakthōx	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ šarethōx	ϣⲁϥⲑⲱϧ šafthōx	ϣⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ šasthōx	ϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ šanthōx	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ šatetenthōx	ϣⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ šauthōx	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ šare- thōx
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ m̀paithōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ m̀pakthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ m̀parethōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ m̀pafthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ m̀pasthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀panthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀paretenthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ m̀pauthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ m̀pare- thōx
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ ešaithōx	ⲉϣⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ ešakthōx	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ ešarethōx	ⲉϣⲁϥⲑⲱϧ ešafthōx	ⲉϣⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ ešasthōx	ⲉϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ ešanthōx	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ešatetenthōx	ⲉϣⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ ešauthōx	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ešare- thōx
		negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ em̀paithōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ em̀pakthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ em̀parethōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ em̀pafthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ em̀pasthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀panthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀paretenthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ em̀pauthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ em̀pare- thōx
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ etšaithōx	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ etšakthōx	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ etšarethōx	ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲑⲱϧ etšafthōx	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ etšasthōx	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ etšanthōx	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etšatetenthōx	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ etšauthōx	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ etšare- thōx
		negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ etm̀paithōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ etm̀pakthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ etm̀parethōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ etm̀pafthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ etm̀pasthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀panthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ etm̀paretenthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ etm̀pauthōx	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ etm̀pare- thōx
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ našaithōx	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ našakthōx	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ našarethōx	ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲑⲱϧ našafthōx	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ našasthōx	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ našanthōx	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ našatetenthōx	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ našauthōx	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ našare- thōx
		negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ nam̀paithōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ nam̀pakthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ nam̀parethōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ nam̀pafthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ nam̀pasthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ nam̀panthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ nam̀paretenthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ nam̀pauthōx	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ nam̀pare- thōx
	focalising	affirmative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ em̀paithōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ em̀pakthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ em̀parethōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲑⲱϧ em̀pafthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ em̀pasthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀panthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ em̀paretenthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ em̀pauthōx	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ em̀pare- thōx
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉⲑⲱϧ eiethōx	ⲉⲕⲉⲑⲱϧ ekethōx	ⲉⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ erethōx	ⲉϥⲉⲑⲱϧ efethōx	ⲉⲥⲉⲑⲱϧ esethōx	ⲉⲛⲉⲑⲱϧ enethōx	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲑⲱϧ eretenethōx	ⲉⲩⲉⲑⲱϧ euethōx	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ere- thōx
		negative	ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲑⲱϧ ǹnathōx	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ ǹnekthōx	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲑⲱϧ ǹnethōx	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲑⲱϧ ǹnefthōx	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ ǹnesthōx	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ǹnenthōx	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ǹnetenthōx	ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ ǹnouthōx	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ǹne- thōx
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲑⲱϧ marithōx	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲑⲱϧ marefthōx	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ maresthōx	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ marenthōx	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ marouthōx	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ mare- thōx
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲑⲱϧ m̀penthrithōx			ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲑⲱϧ m̀penthrefthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ m̀penthresthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ m̀penthrenthōx		ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲑⲱϧ m̀penthreuthōx	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ m̀penthre- thōx
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲑⲱϧ ǹtathōx	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ ǹtekthōx	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ ǹtethōx	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ ǹtefthōx	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ ǹtesthōx	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ǹtenthōx	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ ǹtetenthōx	ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲑⲱϧ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ ǹsethōx, ǹtouthōx	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ ǹte- thōx
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲑⲱϧ tarithōx	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ tarekthōx	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ tarethōx	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲑⲱϧ tarefthōx	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ taresthōx	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ tarenthōx	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ taretenthōx	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ tarouthōx	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ tare- thōx
limitative			ϣⲁϯⲑⲱϧ šatithōx	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲑⲱϧ šatekthōx	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲑⲱϧ šatethōx	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲑⲱϧ šatefthōx	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲑⲱϧ šatesthōx	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ šatenthōx	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ šatetenthōx	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲑⲱϧ šatouthōx	ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ šate- thōx
conditional	long		ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ aišanthōx	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ akšanthōx	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ arešanthōx	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ afšanthōx	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ asšanthōx	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ anšanthōx	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ aretenšanthōx	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ aušanthōx	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲑⲱϧ arešan- thōx
	short		ⲁⲓⲑⲱϧ aithōx	ⲁⲕⲑⲱϧ akthōx	ⲁⲣⲉⲑⲱϧ arethōx	ⲁϥⲑⲱϧ afthōx	ⲁⲥⲑⲱϧ asthōx	ⲁⲛⲑⲱϧ anthōx	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱϧ aretenthōx	ⲁⲩⲑⲱϧ authōx	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲑⲱϧ are- thōx
negated with			ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem-

Noun

ⲑⲱϧ • (thōx) m

1. (Bohairic) mixture, disturbance

Related terms

• ⲁⲧⲑⲱϧ (atthōx, “unmixed, not confused”)
• ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥϯⲑⲱϧ (metreftithōx, “confusion, disturbance”)
• ⲑⲟϧⲧⲉϧ (thoxtex, “mix; mixture”)

References

• Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎^[1], Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, pages 453, 454