𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅

Old Uyghur

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *taĺ (“outer side, exterior”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš /⁠t¹š⁠/), Turkish dış.

Noun

𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)

1. exterior, out
2. something foreign
3. heterodoxy

   𐾀𐽰𐽻𐾅 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽲

   taš bitig

   non-Buddhist canon

Derived Terms

• 𐾀𐽰𐽻𐾅𐽹𐽰𐽷 (tašmak, “to overflow, to ebb and flow of coastal waters”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽻𐾅𐽰 (taša, “abundant, excrescent”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽻𐾅𐽰𐽺𐽷 (tašaŋ, “wide, open”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽻𐾅𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (tašgaru, “out, outside”)
• 𐾀𐽰𐽻𐾅𐽾𐽰 (tašra, “outside”)

Etymology 2

Semantically evolved from the etymology above.

Adverb

𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)

1. excluding, not including
2. (rare) wrongly, falsely

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tāĺ (“stone”). Cognate with Chuvash чул (čul), Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš), Turkish taş and Yakut таас (taas).

Noun

𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 or 𐾀𐽰𐽻 (taš /tʾš/ or /tʾs/)

1. stone
   • Late 10th century, (Xuanzang Biography, Book 3‎^[1], HTIII: 0125 (22):

     𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲

     ...birer taš sïrug...

     ...stone column[s] one [by one]...

   • (Can we date this quote?), Berlin Text U 5335‎^[2], BT13.18.02.04–05:

     𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 𐾀𐽶𐽲𐽾𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐾀𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽲 𐾀𐽶𐽲𐽾𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐾀𐽶𐽿𐾅 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽰𐽾 𐾈

     Tuprak tïgrayu taš tugsar, tïnl(ï)g tïgrayu tiš tugar.

     When the earth solidifies, a stone is formed; when a living being solidifies, a tooth is formed.

Descendants

• Western Yugur: das, dahs

Etymology 4

A later, orthographic aberration of 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻 (bars). Borrowed from Tocharian A pärs- (“to sprinkle”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pers- (“to sprinkle”).

A possible cognate with Old Turkic 𐰉𐰺𐰽 (bars /⁠b¹r¹s¹⁠/, “leopard”), from the same Tocharian A form.

Adjective

(rare) 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)

1. colorful, bright

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “taş”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 227
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(2) bars”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 144
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) taš”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 680-681