чул

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ʃu̟ɫ]

Participle

чул • (čul)

1. indefinite masculine singular past active aorist participle of чу́я (čúja)

Chuvash

Etymology

From Middle Chuvash *čål, from Old Chuvash *ti̯ål, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tāĺ (“stone”), whence also Khalkha Mongolian чулуу (čuluu). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš), Yakut таас (taas), Turkish taş and Tatar таш (taş).

чул (čul) reading is from the Anatri dialect, while чол (čol) reading is from the Viryal dialect.

Pronunciation

• Anatri: IPA^(key): /t͡ɕul/
• Viryal: IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɔl/

Noun

чул • (čul)

1. stone

   Synonym: катӑк (kat̬ăk)

2. millstone, grindstone

   Synonym: арман (arman)

3. flounder, polishing tool

Derived terms

• акшар чулӗ (akšar č̬ulĕ, “limestone, calx”) (cf. акшар (akšar, “lime, calx”))
• хӑйӑр чулӗ (hăjăr č̬ulĕ, “sandstone, gritstone”) (cf. хӑйӑр (hăjăr, “sand”))
• пӳре чулӗ (püre č̬ulĕ, “kidney stone”) (cf. пӳре (püre, “kidney”))
• чул ӗмӗрӗ (čul ĕmĕrĕ, “stone age”) (cf. ӗмӗр (ĕmĕr, “age”))
• чул ту (čul t̬u, “cliff”) (cf. ту (tu, “mountain”))
• чул чӗре (čul č̬ĕre, “ruthlessness”) (cf. чӗре (čĕre, “heart”), lit. "stone-hearted")
• яка чул (jak̬a č̬ul, “pebble, cobblestone”) (cf. яка (jak̬a, “smooth, even”))
• арман чулӗ (arman č̬ulĕ, “millstone”) (cf. арман (arman, “mill”), Turkish harman)

References

• “чул”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎^[1] (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.
• Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “чул”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 326
• Ashmarin, Nikolai Ivanovich (1928-58) Словарь чувашского языка, 15-16, page 220.

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ʃuɫ]
• Hyphenation: чул

Etymology 1

Participle

чул • (čul)

1. masculine singular aorist l-participle of чуе (čue)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چول (çul), from Persian جل (joll).

Noun

чул • (čul) m (plural чулови, diminutive чулче or чулчинка)

1. horsecloth

Declension

Declension of чул

	singular	plural
indefinite	чул (čul)	чулови (čulovi)
definite unspecified	чулот (čulot)	чуловите (čulovite)
definite proximal	чулов (čulov)	чуловиве (čulovive)
definite distal	чулон (čulon)	чуловине (čulovine)
vocative	чулу (čulu)	чулови (čulovi)
count form	—	чула (čula)

References

• “чул” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu