tšꜣ

See also: ts, Ts, TS, t's, ts., T's, ʦ, ṯs, and ṯš

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈtaːʃaʀ/ → /ˈtaːʃaʀ/ → /ˈtaːʃə/ → /toːʃ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtaːʃaʀ/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtaːʃaʀ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtaːʃə/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /toːʃ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tɛʃɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: tesha

Verb

 3-lit.

1. to smash (heads), to split (wood) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
   • c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 55–56:

     jꜥ ḥr pw tšꜣ wpwt nj ꜥḥꜥ.n.tw m hꜣw.f

     He is one who takes vengeance (literally, “one who washes the face”), one who smashes brows; one cannot stand in his vicinity.

Inflection

Conjugation of tšꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: tšꜣ, geminated stem: tšꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural tšꜣ tšꜣw, tšꜣ tšꜣt tšꜣ tšꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 tšꜣ ḥr tšꜣ m tšꜣ r tšꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect tšꜣ.n tšꜣw, tšꜣ consecutive tšꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative tšꜣt perfective3 tšꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 tšꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective tšꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 tšꜣ tšꜣꜣ potentialis1 tšꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive tšꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect tšꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective tšꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 tšꜣ tšꜣ, tšꜣw5, tšꜣy5 imperfective tšꜣ, tšꜣy, tšꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 tšꜣ, tšꜣj6, tšꜣy6 tšꜣ, tšꜣw5 prospective tšꜣ, tšꜣtj7 — tšꜣtj4, tšꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tšꜣ  

tš

Descendants

• Coptic: ⲧⲱϣ (tōš)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 329