szárad
Appearance
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finno-Ugric *śarɜ- (“to become dry”).[1][2]
Verb
[edit]szárad
- (intransitive) to dry (to become dry)
- Active-voice counterpart: szárít
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of szárad
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | száradok | száradsz | szárad | száradunk | száradtok | száradnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | száradtam | száradtál | száradt | száradtunk | száradtatok | száradtak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. száradni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | száradék | száradál | szárada | száradánk | száradátok | száradának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. szárad vala, száradt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | száradandok | száradandasz | száradand | száradandunk | száradandotok | száradandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | száradnék | száradnál | száradna | száradnánk | száradnátok | száradnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. száradt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | száradjak | száradj or száradjál |
száradjon | száradjunk | száradjatok | száradjanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. száradt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | száradni | száradnom | száradnod | száradnia | száradnunk | száradnotok | száradniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
száradás | száradó | száradt | ― | száradva (száradván) | |||||
potential conjugation of szárad
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | száradhatok | száradhatsz | száradhat | száradhatunk | száradhattok | száradhatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | száradhattam | száradhattál | száradhatott | száradhattunk | száradhattatok | száradhattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | száradhaték | száradhatál | száradhata | száradhatánk | száradhatátok | száradhatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. száradhat vala, száradhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | száradhatandok or száradandhatok |
száradhatandasz or száradandhatsz |
száradhatand or száradandhat |
száradhatandunk or száradandhatunk |
száradhatandotok or száradandhattok |
száradhatandanak or száradandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | száradhatnék | száradhatnál | száradhatna | száradhatnánk | száradhatnátok | száradhatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. száradhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | száradhassak | száradhass or száradhassál |
száradhasson | száradhassunk | száradhassatok | száradhassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. száradhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (száradhatni) | (száradhatnom) | (száradhatnod) | (száradhatnia) | (száradhatnunk) | (száradhatnotok) | (száradhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (száradhatva / száradhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]szár (“stem”) + -ad (possessive suffix)
Noun
[edit]szárad
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | szárad | — |
accusative | száradat | — |
dative | száradnak | — |
instrumental | száraddal | — |
causal-final | száradért | — |
translative | száraddá | — |
terminative | száradig | — |
essive-formal | száradként | — |
essive-modal | száradul | — |
inessive | száradban | — |
superessive | száradon | — |
adessive | száradnál | — |
illative | száradba | — |
sublative | száradra | — |
allative | száradhoz | — |
elative | száradból | — |
delative | száradról | — |
ablative | száradtól | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
száradé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
száradéi | — |
References
[edit]- ^ Entry #939 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ szárad in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- szárad in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Categories:
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒd
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒd/2 syllables
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian non-lemma forms
- Hungarian noun forms
- Hungarian terms with lemma and non-lemma form etymologies
- Hungarian terms with verb and noun form etymologies