swrd

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ wrḏ (“to be(come) weary”). A spelling with ḏ is unattested.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛwɛrɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: sewered

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to weary, to exhaust (someone) [Middle Kingdom]
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 20–21:

     jr r.k m ḫrt-jb.k swrd pw ḏd n.k

     Well, do whatever you want (literally, “as your desire”). It’s tiring to talk to you.

Inflection

Conjugation of swrd (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: swrd

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural swrd swrdw, swrd swrdt swrd swrd ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 swrd ḥr swrd m swrd r swrd suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect swrd.n swrdw, swrd consecutive swrd.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative swrdt perfective3 swrd active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 swrd.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective swrd active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 swrdw, swrd, swrdy swrdw, swrd, swrdy potentialis1 swrd.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive swrd active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect swrd.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective swrd active + .tj1, .tw2 swrd swrd, swrdw5, swrdy5 imperfective swrd, swrdy, swrdw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 swrd, swrdj6, swrdy6 swrd, swrdw5 prospective swrd, swrdtj7 — swrdwtj1 4, swrdtj4, swrdt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of swrd  

swrd

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 71.4
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 217