swelakala

Zulu

Etymology

Verb

-swelákala

(intransitive) to be lacking, to be necessary, to be needed, to be required, to be requisite

Inflection

tone H (infinitive *ukuswelakala*)
imperative
	positive	negative
infinitive	ukuswelakala	ukungaswelakali

	simple	+ object concord
singular	swelakala	-swelakale
plural	swelakalani	-swelakaleni

stative
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiswelakele	engiswelakele	ngiswelakele	angiswelakele	engingaswelakele	ngingaswelakele
2nd singular	uswelakele	oswelakele	uswelakele	awuswelakele	ongaswelakele	ungaswelakele
1st plural	siswelakele	esiswelakele	siswelakele	asiswelakele	esingaswelakele	singaswelakele
2nd plural	niswelakele	eniswelakele	niswelakele	aniswelakele	eningaswelakele	ningaswelakele
class 1	uswelakele	oswelakele	eswelakele	akaswelakele	ongaswelakele	engaswelakele
class 2	baswelakele	abaswelakele	beswelakele	abaswelakele	abangaswelakele	bengaswelakele
class 3	uswelakele	oswelakele	uswelakele	awuswelakele	ongaswelakele	ongaswelakele
class 4	iswelakele	eswelakele	iswelakele	ayiswelakele	engaswelakele	ingaswelakele
class 5	liswelakele	eliswelakele	liswelakele	aliswelakele	elingaswelakele	lingaswelakele
class 6	aswelakele	aswelakele	eswelakele	awaswelakele	angaswelakele	engaswelakele
class 7	siswelakele	esiswelakele	siswelakele	asiswelakele	esingaswelakele	singaswelakele
class 8	ziswelakele	eziswelakele	ziswelakele	aziswelakele	ezingaswelakele	zingaswelakele
class 9	iswelakele	eswelakele	iswelakele	ayiswelakele	engaswelakele	ingaswelakele
class 10	ziswelakele	eziswelakele	ziswelakele	aziswelakele	ezingaswelakele	zingaswelakele
class 11	luswelakele	oluswelakele	luswelakele	aluswelakele	olungaswelakele	lungaswelakele
class 14	buswelakele	obuswelakele	buswelakele	abuswelakele	obungaswelakele	bungaswelakele
class 15	kuswelakele	okuswelakele	kuswelakele	akuswelakele	okungaswelakele	kungaswelakele
class 17	kuswelakele	okuswelakele	kuswelakele	akuswelakele	okungaswelakele	kungaswelakele

present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaswelakala, ngiswelakala	engiswelakalayo, engiswelakala	ngiswelakala	angiswelakali	engingaswelakali	ngingaswelakali
2nd singular	uyaswelakala, uswelakala	oswelakalayo, oswelakala	uswelakala	awuswelakali	ongaswelakali	ungaswelakali
1st plural	siyaswelakala, siswelakala	esiswelakalayo, esiswelakala	siswelakala	asiswelakali	esingaswelakali	singaswelakali
2nd plural	niyaswelakala, niswelakala	eniswelakalayo, eniswelakala	niswelakala	aniswelakali	eningaswelakali	ningaswelakali
class 1	uyaswelakala, uswelakala	oswelakalayo, oswelakala	eswelakala	akaswelakali	ongaswelakali	engaswelakali
class 2	bayaswelakala, baswelakala	abaswelakalayo, abaswelakala	beswelakala	abaswelakali	abangaswelakali	bengaswelakali
class 3	uyaswelakala, uswelakala	oswelakalayo, oswelakala	uswelakala	awuswelakali	ongaswelakali	ungaswelakali
class 4	iyaswelakala, iswelakala	eswelakalayo, eswelakala	iswelakala	ayiswelakali	engaswelakali	ingaswelakali
class 5	liyaswelakala, liswelakala	eliswelakalayo, eliswelakala	liswelakala	aliswelakali	elingaswelakali	lingaswelakali
class 6	ayaswelakala, aswelakala	aswelakalayo, aswelakala	eswelakala	awaswelakali	angaswelakali	engaswelakali
class 7	siyaswelakala, siswelakala	esiswelakalayo, esiswelakala	siswelakala	asiswelakali	esingaswelakali	singaswelakali
class 8	ziyaswelakala, ziswelakala	eziswelakalayo, eziswelakala	ziswelakala	aziswelakali	ezingaswelakali	zingaswelakali
class 9	iyaswelakala, iswelakala	eswelakalayo, eswelakala	iswelakala	ayiswelakali	engaswelakali	ingaswelakali
class 10	ziyaswelakala, ziswelakala	eziswelakalayo, eziswelakala	ziswelakala	aziswelakali	ezingaswelakali	zingaswelakali
class 11	luyaswelakala, luswelakala	oluswelakalayo, oluswelakala	luswelakala	aluswelakali	olungaswelakali	lungaswelakali
class 14	buyaswelakala, buswelakala	obuswelakalayo, obuswelakala	buswelakala	abuswelakali	obungaswelakali	bungaswelakali
class 15	kuyaswelakala, kuswelakala	okuswelakalayo, okuswelakala	kuswelakala	akuswelakali	okungaswelakali	kungaswelakali
class 17	kuyaswelakala, kuswelakala	okuswelakalayo, okuswelakala	kuswelakala	akuswelakali	okungaswelakali	kungaswelakali

recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiswelakalile, ngiswelakalē	engiswelakalile, engiswelakalē	ngiswelakalile, ngiswelakalē	angiswelakalanga	engingaswelakalanga	ngingaswelakalanga
2nd singular	uswelakalile, uswelakalē	oswelakalile, oswelakalē	uswelakalile, uswelakalē	awuswelakalanga	ongaswelakalanga	ungaswelakalanga
1st plural	siswelakalile, siswelakalē	esiswelakalile, esiswelakalē	siswelakalile, siswelakalē	asiswelakalanga	esingaswelakalanga	singaswelakalanga
2nd plural	niswelakalile, niswelakalē	eniswelakalile, eniswelakalē	niswelakalile, niswelakalē	aniswelakalanga	eningaswelakalanga	ningaswelakalanga
class 1	uswelakalile, uswelakalē	oswelakalile, oswelakalē	eswelakalile, eswelakalē	akaswelakalanga	ongaswelakalanga	engaswelakalanga
class 2	baswelakalile, baswelakalē	abaswelakalile, abaswelakalē	beswelakalile, beswelakalē	abaswelakalanga	abangaswelakalanga	bengaswelakalanga
class 3	uswelakalile, uswelakalē	oswelakalile, oswelakalē	uswelakalile, uswelakalē	awuswelakalanga	ongaswelakalanga	ungaswelakalanga
class 4	iswelakalile, iswelakalē	eswelakalile, eswelakalē	iswelakalile, iswelakalē	ayiswelakalanga	engaswelakalanga	ingaswelakalanga
class 5	liswelakalile, liswelakalē	eliswelakalile, eliswelakalē	liswelakalile, liswelakalē	aliswelakalanga	elingaswelakalanga	lingaswelakalanga
class 6	aswelakalile, aswelakalē	aswelakalile, aswelakalē	eswelakalile, eswelakalē	awaswelakalanga	angaswelakalanga	engaswelakalanga
class 7	siswelakalile, siswelakalē	esiswelakalile, esiswelakalē	siswelakalile, siswelakalē	asiswelakalanga	esingaswelakalanga	singaswelakalanga
class 8	ziswelakalile, ziswelakalē	eziswelakalile, eziswelakalē	ziswelakalile, ziswelakalē	aziswelakalanga	ezingaswelakalanga	zingaswelakalanga
class 9	iswelakalile, iswelakalē	eswelakalile, eswelakalē	iswelakalile, iswelakalē	ayiswelakalanga	engaswelakalanga	ingaswelakalanga
class 10	ziswelakalile, ziswelakalē	eziswelakalile, eziswelakalē	ziswelakalile, ziswelakalē	aziswelakalanga	ezingaswelakalanga	zingaswelakalanga
class 11	luswelakalile, luswelakalē	oluswelakalile, oluswelakalē	luswelakalile, luswelakalē	aluswelakalanga	olungaswelakalanga	lungaswelakalanga
class 14	buswelakalile, buswelakalē	obuswelakalile, obuswelakalē	buswelakalile, buswelakalē	abuswelakalanga	obungaswelakalanga	bungaswelakalanga
class 15	kuswelakalile, kuswelakalē	okuswelakalile, okuswelakalē	kuswelakalile, kuswelakalē	akuswelakalanga	okungaswelakalanga	kungaswelakalanga
class 17	kuswelakalile, kuswelakalē	okuswelakalile, okuswelakalē	kuswelakalile, kuswelakalē	akuswelakalanga	okungaswelakalanga	kungaswelakalanga

remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngāswelakala	engāswelakala	ngāswelakala	angiswelakalanga	engingaswelakalanga	ngingaswelakalanga
2nd singular	wāswelakala	owāswelakala	wāswelakala	awuswelakalanga	ongaswelakalanga	ungaswelakalanga
1st plural	sāswelakala	esāswelakala	sāswelakala	asiswelakalanga	esingaswelakalanga	singaswelakalanga
2nd plural	nāswelakala	enāswelakala	nāswelakala	aniswelakalanga	eningaswelakalanga	ningaswelakalanga
class 1	wāswelakala	owāswelakala	āswelakala	akaswelakalanga	ongaswelakalanga	engaswelakalanga
class 2	bāswelakala	abāswelakala	bāswelakala	abaswelakalanga	abangaswelakalanga	bengaswelakalanga
class 3	wāswelakala	owāswelakala	wāswelakala	awuswelakalanga	ongaswelakalanga	ungaswelakalanga
class 4	yāswelakala	eyāswelakala	yāswelakala	ayiswelakalanga	engaswelakalanga	ingaswelakalanga
class 5	lāswelakala	elāswelakala	lāswelakala	aliswelakalanga	elingaswelakalanga	lingaswelakalanga
class 6	āswelakala	āswelakala	āswelakala	awaswelakalanga	angaswelakalanga	engaswelakalanga
class 7	sāswelakala	esāswelakala	sāswelakala	asiswelakalanga	esingaswelakalanga	singaswelakalanga
class 8	zāswelakala	ezāswelakala	zāswelakala	aziswelakalanga	ezingaswelakalanga	zingaswelakalanga
class 9	yāswelakala	eyāswelakala	yāswelakala	ayiswelakalanga	engaswelakalanga	ingaswelakalanga
class 10	zāswelakala	ezāswelakala	zāswelakala	aziswelakalanga	ezingaswelakalanga	zingaswelakalanga
class 11	lwāswelakala	olwāswelakala	lwāswelakala	aluswelakalanga	olungaswelakalanga	lungaswelakalanga
class 14	bāswelakala	obāswelakala	bāswelakala	abuswelakalanga	obungaswelakalanga	bungaswelakalanga
class 15	kwāswelakala	okwāswelakala	kwāswelakala	akuswelakalanga	okungaswelakalanga	kungaswelakalanga
class 17	kwāswelakala	okwāswelakala	kwāswelakala	akuswelakalanga	okungaswelakalanga	kungaswelakalanga

potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingaswelakala	—	ngingaswelakala	ngingeswelakale	—	ngingeswelakale
2nd singular	ungaswelakala	—	ungaswelakala	ungeswelakale	—	ungeswelakale
1st plural	singaswelakala	—	singaswelakala	singeswelakale	—	singeswelakale
2nd plural	ningaswelakala	—	ningaswelakala	ningeswelakale	—	ningeswelakale
class 1	angaswelakala	—	engaswelakala	angeswelakale	—	engeswelakale
class 2	bangaswelakala	—	bengaswelakala	bangeswelakale	—	bengeswelakale
class 3	ungaswelakala	—	ungaswelakala	ungeswelakale	—	ungeswelakale
class 4	ingaswelakala	—	ingaswelakala	ingeswelakale	—	ingeswelakale
class 5	lingaswelakala	—	lingaswelakala	lingeswelakale	—	lingeswelakale
class 6	angaswelakala	—	engaswelakala	angeswelakale	—	engeswelakale
class 7	singaswelakala	—	singaswelakala	singeswelakale	—	singeswelakale
class 8	zingaswelakala	—	zingaswelakala	zingeswelakale	—	zingeswelakale
class 9	ingaswelakala	—	ingaswelakala	ingeswelakale	—	ingeswelakale
class 10	zingaswelakala	—	zingaswelakala	zingeswelakale	—	zingeswelakale
class 11	lungaswelakala	—	lungaswelakala	lungeswelakale	—	lungeswelakale
class 14	bungaswelakala	—	bungaswelakala	bungeswelakale	—	bungeswelakale
class 15	kungaswelakala	—	kungaswelakala	kungeswelakale	—	kungeswelakale
class 17	kungaswelakala	—	kungaswelakala	kungeswelakale	—	kungeswelakale

immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizoswelakala	engizoswelakala	ngizoswelakala	angizuswelakala	engingezuswelakala	ngingezuswelakala
2nd singular	uzoswelakala	ozoswelakala	uzoswelakala	awuzuswelakala	ongezuswelakala	ungezuswelakala
1st plural	sizoswelakala	esizoswelakala	sizoswelakala	asizuswelakala	esingezuswelakala	singezuswelakala
2nd plural	nizoswelakala	enizoswelakala	nizoswelakala	anizuswelakala	eningezuswelakala	ningezuswelakala
class 1	uzoswelakala	ozoswelakala	ezoswelakala	akazuswelakala	ongezuswelakala	engezuswelakala
class 2	bazoswelakala	abazoswelakala	bezoswelakala	abazuswelakala	abangezuswelakala	bengezuswelakala
class 3	uzoswelakala	ozoswelakala	uzoswelakala	awuzuswelakala	ongezuswelakala	ungezuswelakala
class 4	izoswelakala	ezoswelakala	izoswelakala	ayizuswelakala	engezuswelakala	ingezuswelakala
class 5	lizoswelakala	elizoswelakala	lizoswelakala	alizuswelakala	elingezuswelakala	lingezuswelakala
class 6	azoswelakala	azoswelakala	ezoswelakala	awazuswelakala	angezuswelakala	engezuswelakala
class 7	sizoswelakala	esizoswelakala	sizoswelakala	asizuswelakala	esingezuswelakala	singezuswelakala
class 8	zizoswelakala	ezizoswelakala	zizoswelakala	azizuswelakala	ezingezuswelakala	zingezuswelakala
class 9	izoswelakala	ezoswelakala	izoswelakala	ayizuswelakala	engezuswelakala	ingezuswelakala
class 10	zizoswelakala	ezizoswelakala	zizoswelakala	azizuswelakala	ezingezuswelakala	zingezuswelakala
class 11	luzoswelakala	oluzoswelakala	luzoswelakala	aluzuswelakala	olungezuswelakala	lungezuswelakala
class 14	buzoswelakala	obuzoswelakala	buzoswelakala	abuzuswelakala	obungezuswelakala	bungezuswelakala
class 15	kuzoswelakala	okuzoswelakala	kuzoswelakala	akuzuswelakala	okungezuswelakala	kungezuswelakala
class 17	kuzoswelakala	okuzoswelakala	kuzoswelakala	akuzuswelakala	okungezuswelakala	kungezuswelakala

remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoswelakala	engiyoswelakala	ngiyoswelakala	angiyuswelakala	engingeyuswelakala	ngingeyuswelakala
2nd singular	uyoswelakala	oyoswelakala	uyoswelakala	awuyuswelakala	ongeyuswelakala	ungeyuswelakala
1st plural	siyoswelakala	esiyoswelakala	siyoswelakala	asiyuswelakala	esingeyuswelakala	singeyuswelakala
2nd plural	niyoswelakala	eniyoswelakala	niyoswelakala	aniyuswelakala	eningeyuswelakala	ningeyuswelakala
class 1	uyoswelakala	oyoswelakala	eyoswelakala	akayuswelakala	ongeyuswelakala	engeyuswelakala
class 2	bayoswelakala	abayoswelakala	beyoswelakala	abayuswelakala	abangeyuswelakala	bengeyuswelakala
class 3	uyoswelakala	oyoswelakala	uyoswelakala	awuyuswelakala	ongeyuswelakala	ungeyuswelakala
class 4	iyoswelakala	eyoswelakala	iyoswelakala	ayiyuswelakala	engeyuswelakala	ingeyuswelakala
class 5	liyoswelakala	eliyoswelakala	liyoswelakala	aliyuswelakala	elingeyuswelakala	lingeyuswelakala
class 6	ayoswelakala	ayoswelakala	eyoswelakala	awayuswelakala	angeyuswelakala	engeyuswelakala
class 7	siyoswelakala	esiyoswelakala	siyoswelakala	asiyuswelakala	esingeyuswelakala	singeyuswelakala
class 8	ziyoswelakala	eziyoswelakala	ziyoswelakala	aziyuswelakala	ezingeyuswelakala	zingeyuswelakala
class 9	iyoswelakala	eyoswelakala	iyoswelakala	ayiyuswelakala	engeyuswelakala	ingeyuswelakala
class 10	ziyoswelakala	eziyoswelakala	ziyoswelakala	aziyuswelakala	ezingeyuswelakala	zingeyuswelakala
class 11	luyoswelakala	oluyoswelakala	luyoswelakala	aluyuswelakala	olungeyuswelakala	lungeyuswelakala
class 14	buyoswelakala	obuyoswelakala	buyoswelakala	abuyuswelakala	obungeyuswelakala	bungeyuswelakala
class 15	kuyoswelakala	okuyoswelakala	kuyoswelakala	akuyuswelakala	okungeyuswelakala	kungeyuswelakala
class 17	kuyoswelakala	okuyoswelakala	kuyoswelakala	akuyuswelakala	okungeyuswelakala	kungeyuswelakala

present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngiswelakale	ngingaswelakali
2nd singular	uswelakale	ungaswelakali
1st plural	siswelakale	singaswelakali
2nd plural	niswelakale	ningaswelakali
class 1	aswelakale	angaswelakali
class 2	baswelakale	bangaswelakali
class 3	uswelakale	ungaswelakali
class 4	iswelakale	ingaswelakali
class 5	liswelakale	lingaswelakali
class 6	aswelakale	angaswelakali
class 7	siswelakale	singaswelakali
class 8	ziswelakale	zingaswelakali
class 9	iswelakale	ingaswelakali
class 10	ziswelakale	zingaswelakali
class 11	luswelakale	lungaswelakali
class 14	buswelakale	bungaswelakali
class 15	kuswelakale	kungaswelakali
class 17	kuswelakale	kungaswelakali

past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngaswelakala	ngangaswelakala, angaswelakala, angangaswelakala
2nd singular	waswelakala	wangaswelakala, awaswelakala, awangaswelakala
1st plural	saswelakala	sangaswelakala, asaswelakala, asangaswelakala
2nd plural	naswelakala	nangaswelakala, anaswelakala, anangaswelakala
class 1	waswelakala	wangaswelakala, akaswelakala, akangaswelakala
class 2	baswelakala	bangaswelakala, abaswelakala, abangaswelakala
class 3	waswelakala	wangaswelakala, awaswelakala, awangaswelakala
class 4	yaswelakala	yangaswelakala, ayaswelakala, ayangaswelakala
class 5	laswelakala	langaswelakala, alaswelakala, alangaswelakala
class 6	aswelakala	angaswelakala, awaswelakala, awangaswelakala
class 7	saswelakala	sangaswelakala, asaswelakala, asangaswelakala
class 8	zaswelakala	zangaswelakala, azaswelakala, azangaswelakala
class 9	yaswelakala	yangaswelakala, ayaswelakala, ayangaswelakala
class 10	zaswelakala	zangaswelakala, azaswelakala, azangaswelakala
class 11	lwaswelakala	lwangaswelakala, alwaswelakala, alwangaswelakala
class 14	baswelakala	bangaswelakala, abaswelakala, abangaswelakala
class 15	kwaswelakala	kwangaswelakala, akwaswelakala, akwangaswelakala
class 17	kwaswelakala	kwangaswelakala, akwaswelakala, akwangaswelakala

Derived terms

inswelakalo

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “swelakala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “swelakala (3.3.2.9)”