swela

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-swéla

(transitive) to lack

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-swéla

to need, to require
to miss, to lack

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuswela
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuswela	ukungasweli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	swela	-swele
Plural	swelani	-sweleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaswela, ngiswela	engiswelayo, engiswela	ngiswela	angisweli	engingasweli	ngingasweli
2nd singular	uyaswela, uswela	oswelayo, oswela	uswela	awusweli	ongasweli	ungasweli
1st plural	siyaswela, siswela	esiswelayo, esiswela	siswela	asisweli	esingasweli	singasweli
2nd plural	niyaswela, niswela	eniswelayo, eniswela	niswela	anisweli	eningasweli	ningasweli
Class 1	uyaswela, uswela	oswelayo, oswela	eswela	akasweli	ongasweli	engasweli
Class 2	bayaswela, baswela	abaswelayo, abaswela	beswela	abasweli	abangasweli	bengasweli
Class 3	uyaswela, uswela	oswelayo, oswela	uswela	awusweli	ongasweli	ungasweli
Class 4	iyaswela, iswela	eswelayo, eswela	iswela	ayisweli	engasweli	ingasweli
Class 5	liyaswela, liswela	eliswelayo, eliswela	liswela	alisweli	elingasweli	lingasweli
Class 6	ayaswela, aswela	aswelayo, aswela	eswela	awasweli	angasweli	engasweli
Class 7	siyaswela, siswela	esiswelayo, esiswela	siswela	asisweli	esingasweli	singasweli
Class 8	ziyaswela, ziswela	eziswelayo, eziswela	ziswela	azisweli	ezingasweli	zingasweli
Class 9	iyaswela, iswela	eswelayo, eswela	iswela	ayisweli	engasweli	ingasweli
Class 10	ziyaswela, ziswela	eziswelayo, eziswela	ziswela	azisweli	ezingasweli	zingasweli
Class 11	luyaswela, luswela	oluswelayo, oluswela	luswela	alusweli	olungasweli	lungasweli
Class 14	buyaswela, buswela	obuswelayo, obuswela	buswela	abusweli	obungasweli	bungasweli
Class 15	kuyaswela, kuswela	okuswelayo, okuswela	kuswela	akusweli	okungasweli	kungasweli
Class 17	kuyaswela, kuswela	okuswelayo, okuswela	kuswela	akusweli	okungasweli	kungasweli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiswelile, ngiswelē	engiswelile, engiswelē	ngiswelile, ngiswelē	angiswelanga	engingaswelanga	ngingaswelanga
2nd singular	uswelile, uswelē	oswelile, oswelē	uswelile, uswelē	awuswelanga	ongaswelanga	ungaswelanga
1st plural	siswelile, siswelē	esiswelile, esiswelē	siswelile, siswelē	asiswelanga	esingaswelanga	singaswelanga
2nd plural	niswelile, niswelē	eniswelile, eniswelē	niswelile, niswelē	aniswelanga	eningaswelanga	ningaswelanga
Class 1	uswelile, uswelē	oswelile, oswelē	eswelile, eswelē	akaswelanga	ongaswelanga	engaswelanga
Class 2	baswelile, baswelē	abaswelile, abaswelē	beswelile, beswelē	abaswelanga	abangaswelanga	bengaswelanga
Class 3	uswelile, uswelē	oswelile, oswelē	uswelile, uswelē	awuswelanga	ongaswelanga	ungaswelanga
Class 4	iswelile, iswelē	eswelile, eswelē	iswelile, iswelē	ayiswelanga	engaswelanga	ingaswelanga
Class 5	liswelile, liswelē	eliswelile, eliswelē	liswelile, liswelē	aliswelanga	elingaswelanga	lingaswelanga
Class 6	aswelile, aswelē	aswelile, aswelē	eswelile, eswelē	awaswelanga	angaswelanga	engaswelanga
Class 7	siswelile, siswelē	esiswelile, esiswelē	siswelile, siswelē	asiswelanga	esingaswelanga	singaswelanga
Class 8	ziswelile, ziswelē	eziswelile, eziswelē	ziswelile, ziswelē	aziswelanga	ezingaswelanga	zingaswelanga
Class 9	iswelile, iswelē	eswelile, eswelē	iswelile, iswelē	ayiswelanga	engaswelanga	ingaswelanga
Class 10	ziswelile, ziswelē	eziswelile, eziswelē	ziswelile, ziswelē	aziswelanga	ezingaswelanga	zingaswelanga
Class 11	luswelile, luswelē	oluswelile, oluswelē	luswelile, luswelē	aluswelanga	olungaswelanga	lungaswelanga
Class 14	buswelile, buswelē	obuswelile, obuswelē	buswelile, buswelē	abuswelanga	obungaswelanga	bungaswelanga
Class 15	kuswelile, kuswelē	okuswelile, okuswelē	kuswelile, kuswelē	akuswelanga	okungaswelanga	kungaswelanga
Class 17	kuswelile, kuswelē	okuswelile, okuswelē	kuswelile, kuswelē	akuswelanga	okungaswelanga	kungaswelanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāswela	engāswela	ngāswela	angiswelanga	engingaswelanga	ngingaswelanga
2nd singular	wāswela	owāswela	wāswela	awuswelanga	ongaswelanga	ungaswelanga
1st plural	sāswela	esāswela	sāswela	asiswelanga	esingaswelanga	singaswelanga
2nd plural	nāswela	enāswela	nāswela	aniswelanga	eningaswelanga	ningaswelanga
Class 1	wāswela	owāswela	āswela	akaswelanga	ongaswelanga	engaswelanga
Class 2	bāswela	abāswela	bāswela	abaswelanga	abangaswelanga	bengaswelanga
Class 3	wāswela	owāswela	wāswela	awuswelanga	ongaswelanga	ungaswelanga
Class 4	yāswela	eyāswela	yāswela	ayiswelanga	engaswelanga	ingaswelanga
Class 5	lāswela	elāswela	lāswela	aliswelanga	elingaswelanga	lingaswelanga
Class 6	āswela	āswela	āswela	awaswelanga	angaswelanga	engaswelanga
Class 7	sāswela	esāswela	sāswela	asiswelanga	esingaswelanga	singaswelanga
Class 8	zāswela	ezāswela	zāswela	aziswelanga	ezingaswelanga	zingaswelanga
Class 9	yāswela	eyāswela	yāswela	ayiswelanga	engaswelanga	ingaswelanga
Class 10	zāswela	ezāswela	zāswela	aziswelanga	ezingaswelanga	zingaswelanga
Class 11	lwāswela	olwāswela	lwāswela	aluswelanga	olungaswelanga	lungaswelanga
Class 14	bāswela	obāswela	bāswela	abuswelanga	obungaswelanga	bungaswelanga
Class 15	kwāswela	okwāswela	kwāswela	akuswelanga	okungaswelanga	kungaswelanga
Class 17	kwāswela	okwāswela	kwāswela	akuswelanga	okungaswelanga	kungaswelanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaswela	—	ngingaswela	ngingeswele	—	ngingeswele
2nd singular	ungaswela	—	ungaswela	ungeswele	—	ungeswele
1st plural	singaswela	—	singaswela	singeswele	—	singeswele
2nd plural	ningaswela	—	ningaswela	ningeswele	—	ningeswele
Class 1	angaswela	—	engaswela	angeswele	—	engeswele
Class 2	bangaswela	—	bengaswela	bangeswele	—	bengeswele
Class 3	ungaswela	—	ungaswela	ungeswele	—	ungeswele
Class 4	ingaswela	—	ingaswela	ingeswele	—	ingeswele
Class 5	lingaswela	—	lingaswela	lingeswele	—	lingeswele
Class 6	angaswela	—	engaswela	angeswele	—	engeswele
Class 7	singaswela	—	singaswela	singeswele	—	singeswele
Class 8	zingaswela	—	zingaswela	zingeswele	—	zingeswele
Class 9	ingaswela	—	ingaswela	ingeswele	—	ingeswele
Class 10	zingaswela	—	zingaswela	zingeswele	—	zingeswele
Class 11	lungaswela	—	lungaswela	lungeswele	—	lungeswele
Class 14	bungaswela	—	bungaswela	bungeswele	—	bungeswele
Class 15	kungaswela	—	kungaswela	kungeswele	—	kungeswele
Class 17	kungaswela	—	kungaswela	kungeswele	—	kungeswele
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoswela	engizoswela	ngizoswela	angizuswela	engingezuswela	ngingezuswela
2nd singular	uzoswela	ozoswela	uzoswela	awuzuswela	ongezuswela	ungezuswela
1st plural	sizoswela	esizoswela	sizoswela	asizuswela	esingezuswela	singezuswela
2nd plural	nizoswela	enizoswela	nizoswela	anizuswela	eningezuswela	ningezuswela
Class 1	uzoswela	ozoswela	ezoswela	akazuswela	ongezuswela	engezuswela
Class 2	bazoswela	abazoswela	bezoswela	abazuswela	abangezuswela	bengezuswela
Class 3	uzoswela	ozoswela	uzoswela	awuzuswela	ongezuswela	ungezuswela
Class 4	izoswela	ezoswela	izoswela	ayizuswela	engezuswela	ingezuswela
Class 5	lizoswela	elizoswela	lizoswela	alizuswela	elingezuswela	lingezuswela
Class 6	azoswela	azoswela	ezoswela	awazuswela	angezuswela	engezuswela
Class 7	sizoswela	esizoswela	sizoswela	asizuswela	esingezuswela	singezuswela
Class 8	zizoswela	ezizoswela	zizoswela	azizuswela	ezingezuswela	zingezuswela
Class 9	izoswela	ezoswela	izoswela	ayizuswela	engezuswela	ingezuswela
Class 10	zizoswela	ezizoswela	zizoswela	azizuswela	ezingezuswela	zingezuswela
Class 11	luzoswela	oluzoswela	luzoswela	aluzuswela	olungezuswela	lungezuswela
Class 14	buzoswela	obuzoswela	buzoswela	abuzuswela	obungezuswela	bungezuswela
Class 15	kuzoswela	okuzoswela	kuzoswela	akuzuswela	okungezuswela	kungezuswela
Class 17	kuzoswela	okuzoswela	kuzoswela	akuzuswela	okungezuswela	kungezuswela
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoswela	engiyoswela	ngiyoswela	angiyuswela	engingeyuswela	ngingeyuswela
2nd singular	uyoswela	oyoswela	uyoswela	awuyuswela	ongeyuswela	ungeyuswela
1st plural	siyoswela	esiyoswela	siyoswela	asiyuswela	esingeyuswela	singeyuswela
2nd plural	niyoswela	eniyoswela	niyoswela	aniyuswela	eningeyuswela	ningeyuswela
Class 1	uyoswela	oyoswela	eyoswela	akayuswela	ongeyuswela	engeyuswela
Class 2	bayoswela	abayoswela	beyoswela	abayuswela	abangeyuswela	bengeyuswela
Class 3	uyoswela	oyoswela	uyoswela	awuyuswela	ongeyuswela	ungeyuswela
Class 4	iyoswela	eyoswela	iyoswela	ayiyuswela	engeyuswela	ingeyuswela
Class 5	liyoswela	eliyoswela	liyoswela	aliyuswela	elingeyuswela	lingeyuswela
Class 6	ayoswela	ayoswela	eyoswela	awayuswela	angeyuswela	engeyuswela
Class 7	siyoswela	esiyoswela	siyoswela	asiyuswela	esingeyuswela	singeyuswela
Class 8	ziyoswela	eziyoswela	ziyoswela	aziyuswela	ezingeyuswela	zingeyuswela
Class 9	iyoswela	eyoswela	iyoswela	ayiyuswela	engeyuswela	ingeyuswela
Class 10	ziyoswela	eziyoswela	ziyoswela	aziyuswela	ezingeyuswela	zingeyuswela
Class 11	luyoswela	oluyoswela	luyoswela	aluyuswela	olungeyuswela	lungeyuswela
Class 14	buyoswela	obuyoswela	buyoswela	abuyuswela	obungeyuswela	bungeyuswela
Class 15	kuyoswela	okuyoswela	kuyoswela	akuyuswela	okungeyuswela	kungeyuswela
Class 17	kuyoswela	okuyoswela	kuyoswela	akuyuswela	okungeyuswela	kungeyuswela
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiswele	ngingasweli
2nd singular	uswele	ungasweli
1st plural	siswele	singasweli
2nd plural	niswele	ningasweli
Class 1	aswele	angasweli
Class 2	baswele	bangasweli
Class 3	uswele	ungasweli
Class 4	iswele	ingasweli
Class 5	liswele	lingasweli
Class 6	aswele	angasweli
Class 7	siswele	singasweli
Class 8	ziswele	zingasweli
Class 9	iswele	ingasweli
Class 10	ziswele	zingasweli
Class 11	luswele	lungasweli
Class 14	buswele	bungasweli
Class 15	kuswele	kungasweli
Class 17	kuswele	kungasweli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaswela	ngangaswela, angaswela, angangaswela
2nd singular	waswela	wangaswela, awaswela, awangaswela
1st plural	saswela	sangaswela, asaswela, asangaswela
2nd plural	naswela	nangaswela, anaswela, anangaswela
Class 1	waswela	wangaswela, akaswela, akangaswela
Class 2	baswela	bangaswela, abaswela, abangaswela
Class 3	waswela	wangaswela, awaswela, awangaswela
Class 4	yaswela	yangaswela, ayaswela, ayangaswela
Class 5	laswela	langaswela, alaswela, alangaswela
Class 6	aswela	angaswela, awaswela, awangaswela
Class 7	saswela	sangaswela, asaswela, asangaswela
Class 8	zaswela	zangaswela, azaswela, azangaswela
Class 9	yaswela	yangaswela, ayaswela, ayangaswela
Class 10	zaswela	zangaswela, azaswela, azangaswela
Class 11	lwaswela	lwangaswela, alwaswela, alwangaswela
Class 14	baswela	bangaswela, abaswela, abangaswela
Class 15	kwaswela	kwangaswela, akwaswela, akwangaswela
Class 17	kwaswela	kwangaswela, akwaswela, akwangaswela

Derived terms

inswelo

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “swela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “swela (3.9)”