sprechen
Appearance
See also: Sprechen
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle High German sprëchen, from Old High German sprehhan, from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan. Compare Dutch spreken, English speak.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈʃprɛçən/, [ˈʃpʁɛ-], [ʃprɛ-], [-çn̩], [-çən]
Audio: (file) Audio: (file) Audio (Austria): (file)
Verb
[edit]sprechen (class 4 strong, third-person singular present spricht, past tense sprach, past participle gesprochen, past subjunctive spräche, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to speak (some language, the truth, etc.)
- Ich spreche Deutsch.
- I speak German.
- Sprich die Wahrheit oder bleib still.
- Speak the truth or remain silent.
- Klartext sprechen ― to speak plainly
- (intransitive) to speak, to talk, to give a speech [with über (+ accusative) ‘about something’]
- Sprechen Sie bitte langsam.
- Speak slowly please.
- (transitive) to say, to speak (a word, phrase, sentence, prayer, etc.)
- Was? Du hast kein Wort darüber gesprochen.
- What? You haven't spoken a word about it.
- (reflexive, of a word) to have a pronunciation; to be pronounced (some way)
- Wie spricht sich das?
- How do you pronounce this?
- (transitive) to pronounce (a judgment, a verdict, etc.)
- Die Geschichte wird das endgültige Urteil über sein Werk sprechen.
- History will pronounce the final judgement on his work.
- (transitive, literary, poetic) to say (something)
- (Switzerland, transitive, officialese) to grant, approve (a loan, funding, etc.)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | sprechen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | sprechend | ||||
past participle | gesprochen | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich spreche | wir sprechen | i | ich spreche | wir sprechen |
du sprichst | ihr sprecht | du sprechest | ihr sprechet | ||
er spricht | sie sprechen | er spreche | sie sprechen | ||
preterite | ich sprach | wir sprachen | ii | ich spräche1 | wir sprächen1 |
du sprachst | ihr spracht | du sprächest1 du sprächst1 |
ihr sprächet1 ihr sprächt1 | ||
er sprach | sie sprachen | er spräche1 | sie sprächen1 | ||
imperative | sprich (du) | sprecht (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Synonyms
[edit]- (speak): reden (preferred in the vernacular)
Derived terms
[edit]- absprechen
- ansprechen
- aussprechen
- Bände sprechen
- besprechen
- dafürsprechen
- draufsprechen
- durcheinandersprechen
- durchsprechen
- einsprechen
- entsprechen
- freisprechen
- fürsprechen
- heiligsprechen
- hineinsprechen
- lossprechen
- mitsprechen
- nachsprechen
- schuldigsprechen
- seligsprechen
- Sprechakt
- Sprechblase
- Sprechchor
- sprechend
- Sprecher
- Sprechfehler
- Sprechkapsel
- Sprechlaut
- Sprechmuschel
- Sprechorgan
- Sprechrolle
- Sprechsilbe
- Sprechsprache
- Sprechstimme
- Sprechstunde
- Sprechtheater
- Sprechton
- Sprechverbot
- Sprechwerkzeug
- Sprechwiedergabe
- Sprichwort
- übersprechen
- versprechen
- vorsprechen
- weitersprechen
- widersprechen
- zusprechen
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Czech: šprechtit
- → Polish: szprechać
- → Serbo-Croatian: šprȅhati / шпре̏хати
- → Ukrainian: шпрехати (šprexaty)
Further reading
[edit]- “sprechen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “sprechen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “sprechen” in Duden online
- “sprechen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Middle High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old High German sprehhan, from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sprëchen (class 4 strong, third-person singular present sprichet, past tense sprach, past participle gesprochen, past subjunctive spræche, auxiliary hān)
- to speak
- Vernim, waȥ ich spriche! ― Hear what I say!
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | sprëchen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | sprëchennes sprëchenes | ||||
dative gerund | sprëchenne sprëchene | ||||
present participle | sprëchende | ||||
past participle | gesprochen | ||||
auxiliary | hān | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich spriche | wir sprëchen | i | ich sprëche | wir sprëchen |
du sprichest | ir sprëchet | du sprëchest | ir sprëchet | ||
ër sprichet | sie sprëchent | ër sprëche | sie sprëchen | ||
preterite | ich sprach | wir sprāchen | ii | ich spræche | wir spræchen |
du spræche | ir sprāchet | du spræchest | ir spræchet | ||
ër sprach | sie sprāchen | ër spræche | sie spræchen | ||
imperative | sprich (du) | sprëchet (ir) |
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “sprechen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
Categories:
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 4 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German intransitive verbs
- German reflexive verbs
- German literary terms
- German poetic terms
- Switzerland German
- German officialese terms
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German verbs
- Middle High German strong verbs
- Middle High German class 4 strong verbs
- Middle High German verbs using hān as auxiliary
- Middle High German terms with usage examples