spalgs
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a variant *spalg- of Proto-Baltic *spelg-, *spilg-, *spulg- (whence also spilgts), from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spel-, *spʰel- (“to shine”) with an extra g. The original meaning was, as that of its cognates spilgts and spulgs, “bright, shiny,” from which it metaphorically evolved into “very loud, sharp.” Cognates include Lithuanian spal̃gė, spal̃gena, spal̃genas (“cranberry”) (< “bright, shiny berry”) [1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]spalgs (definite spalgais, comparative spalgāks, superlative visspalgākais, adverb spalgi)
- (of sounds) (very) loud, sharp, shrill, piercing, strident, high-pitched
- kliegt, runāt spalgā balsī ― to scream, to speak in a shrill voice
- spalgs svilpiens ― a shrill, high-pitched whistle
- spalgs tālruņa zvans ― shrill telephone call
- spalga sirēna ― high-pitched sirene
- atskanēja spalgs šāviens ― a strident shot sounded
- (of pains) strong, sharp
- krūtīs kā karsta ogle iekrīt spalga sāpe ― a sharp pain fell on his chest like a hot coal
- (of light, colors) sharp, bright, strong
- glezna bija pārāk spalga, krāsas pārāk asas un biezas ― the painting was too bright(-colored), the colors too sharp and thick
- atnāks rīts ar spalgu sauli ― morning came with a sharp, bright sun
- (of weather, its elements) very cold, piercing cold
- spalgs aukstums ― piercing cold
- spalga ziema, nakts ― piercing cold winter, night
- laukā ir spalgs, ass vējš ― outside (there) is a cold, sharp wind
- (figuratively, of people, their actions) harsh, severe
- nu teic: es esot pārāk spalgs; un citiem: augstprātīgi lecīgs ― so say it: I am too harsh; to others, (I am) arrogantly provocative
- tā ir skaudru un spalgu politisku pamfletu virkne ― this is a caustic and harsh series of political pamphlets
Declension
[edit]indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of spalgs
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | spalgs | spalgi | spalga | spalgas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | spalgu | spalgus | spalgu | spalgas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | spalga | spalgu | spalgas | spalgu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | spalgam | spalgiem | spalgai | spalgām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | spalgu | spalgiem | spalgu | spalgām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | spalgā | spalgos | spalgā | spalgās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “spalgs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN