sfḫ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ fḫ (“to loosen, to give up”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛfɛx/
  • Conventional anglicization: sefekh

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to loosen, to untie (ropes, etc.)

   Synonym: wḥꜥ

2. (transitive) to unlatch, to release
3. (transitive) to take off (clothes, adornments, etc.)
4. (transitive) to purify oneself of, to remove (evil)

Inflection

Conjugation of sfḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sfḫ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sfḫt, sfḫ sfḫw, sfḫ sfḫt sfḫ sfḫ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sfḫ ḥr sfḫ m sfḫ r sfḫ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sfḫ.n sfḫw, sfḫ consecutive sfḫ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sfḫt perfective3 sfḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sfḫ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sfḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sfḫw, sfḫ, sfḫy sfḫw, sfḫ, sfḫy potentialis1 sfḫ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sfḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sfḫ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sfḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 sfḫ sfḫ, sfḫw5, sfḫy5 imperfective sfḫ, sfḫy, sfḫw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sfḫ, sfḫj6, sfḫy6 sfḫ, sfḫw5 prospective sfḫ, sfḫtj7 — sfḫwtj1 4, sfḫtj4, sfḫt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 116.2–117.5
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 225