sfḫ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ fḫ (“to loosen, to give up”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛfɛx/
  • Conventional anglicization: sefekh

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to loosen, to untie (ropes, etc.)

   Synonym: wḥꜥ

2. (transitive) to unlatch, to release
3. (transitive) to take off (clothes, adornments, etc.)
4. (transitive) to purify oneself of, to remove (evil)

Inflection

Conjugation of sfḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sfḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sfḫt, sfḫ	sfḫw, sfḫ	sfḫt	sfḫ	sfḫ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sfḫ	ḥr sfḫ	m sfḫ	r sfḫ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sfḫ.n	sfḫw, sfḫ	consecutive	sfḫ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sfḫt
perfective3	sfḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sfḫ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sfḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sfḫw, sfḫ, sfḫy	sfḫw, sfḫ, sfḫy	potentialis1	sfḫ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sfḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sfḫ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sfḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	sfḫ	sfḫ, sfḫw5, sfḫy5
imperfective	sfḫ, sfḫy, sfḫw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sfḫ, sfḫj6, sfḫy6	sfḫ, sfḫw5
prospective	sfḫ, sfḫtj7	—	sfḫwtj1 4, sfḫtj4, sfḫt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 116.2–117.5
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 225