secale

See also: Secale

Latin

Etymology

Unknown. Maybe a loanword from a language spoken in the Balkans. Has been compared unconvincingly to sēcula (“sickle”) and secō (“to cut”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈseː.ka.le/, [ˈs̠eːkäɫ̪ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈse.ka.le/, [ˈsɛːkäle]

Noun

sēcale n (genitive sēcalis); third declension

1. rye, a kind of grain

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	sēcale	sēcalia
genitive	sēcalis	sēcalium
dative	sēcalī	sēcalibus
accusative	sēcale	sēcalia
ablative	sēcalī	sēcalibus
vocative	sēcale	sēcalia

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: sicarã
  • Romanian: secară
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: segale, ⇒ segala
  • Tuscan and Central Italian: segale, segole ⇒ segala, segola, seguala
  • Sicilian: sègala
• Padanian:
  • Emilian: séigar, sègher, sagle, säigle, ségul, sègal ⇒ segla, segàra, séigala, sgala
  • Friulian: siale
  • ⇒ Ligurian: séia, séiga, sêga
  • Lombard:

    Alpine: ⇒ sèila, sèa

    Occidental seghel, ségal ⇒ segla, segra, selgra, ségria, sega

    Oriental: séghel, ségal, sìgal

  • Piedmontese: sèil, sèi, sail, sèl, sè ⇒ segla, seirada
    • → Vivaro-Alpine: sèil, sèi
  • Romagnol: segle, ségal, ségol, ségul, ségual
  • ⇒ Venetan: siala, segala, segała
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal:

    Bressan: ⇒ sèglla, sèlya, sêlya

    Dauphinois: sêgla, sîdia

    Forézien: sêly, sêlyi

    Fribourgeois: ⇒ sàela

    Genevois: ⇒ sâla

    Lyonnais: sêgl ⇒ ségla, sêlya

    Jurassien: ⇒ sélyo, sêglo, sèlo

    Neuchâtelois: sèly

    Savoyard: sèla, séila, sèlya, sêla, sala

    Valaisin: ⇒ sèila, sèlya, sêgla, sila

    Valdôtain: ⇒ sèila

    Vaudois: sêgle ⇒ sèlya, saèla, sâla, sèla

  • Old French: soile
    • Bourbonnais-Berrichon: seille
    • Bourguignon: soille
    • Champenois: soâle
    • Franc-Comtois: soile
    • Picard: soile
    • Walloon: swele, soil
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Aragonese: ségal

    Ribagorçan: selga, séguel

  • Catalan: sègol, segle, ségol, sèguel, sègal
  • Old Occitan: segle
    • Auvergnat: selhe ⇒ selha, silha
    • Gascon: segle
    • Languedocien: segal, segle, siegle, sial, siàl, segol, siol ⇒ segla
    • Limousin: segle, seglhe, selhe

      Foishenc: séguel, séguelh

      Cevenòl: ⇒ segia, selha

    • Provençal: segle, segue, segie ⇒ segla
    • Vivaro-Alpine: sèu, sege ⇒ segla, sela, selha, seja

      Valadas: ⇒ sega

    • →? Old French: segle, seygle, soigle
      • Middle French: seigle
        • French: seigle
• Borrowings
  • → Byzantine Greek: σίκαλη (síkalē)
    • Greek: σίκαλη (síkali)
  • →⇒ English: triticale (in part)
  • → Old English: sigle
  • → Old Irish: secal
    • Irish: seagal
    • Scottish Gaelic: seagal
  • → Translingual: Secale

Further reading

• “secale”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• secale in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• secale in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Spanish

Verb

secale

1. second-person singular voseo imperative of secar combined with le