sbḥ

See also: SbH₃

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly related to Arabic سَبَّحَ (sabbaḥa, “to praise, to glorify”) and Hebrew שבח (shibéakh, “to praise, to appreciate”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛbɛh/
  • Conventional anglicization: sebeh

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to cry out, to scream (in pain or lamentation) [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (intransitive, of birds) to produce a birdcall, to cry, to call

Inflection

Conjugation of sbḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sbḥ, geminated stem: sbḥḥ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sbḥ sbḥw, sbḥ sbḥt sbḥ sbḥ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sbḥ ḥr sbḥ m sbḥ r sbḥ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect sbḥ.n consecutive sbḥ.jn terminative sbḥt perfective3 sbḥ obligative1 sbḥ.ḫr imperfective sbḥ prospective3 sbḥ potentialis1 sbḥ.kꜣ subjunctive sbḥ verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect sbḥ.n — — perfective sbḥ sbḥ sbḥ, sbḥw5, sbḥy5 imperfective sbḥ, sbḥy, sbḥw5 sbḥ, sbḥj6, sbḥy6 sbḥ, sbḥw5 prospective sbḥ, sbḥtj7 sbḥtj4, sbḥt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sbḥ  

sbḥ	sbḥ	sbḥ	sbḥ	sbḥ
[Pyramid Texts]	[Pyramid Texts]	[since the Pyramid Texts]	[since the Pyramid Texts]	[since the Middle Kingdom]

Noun

 m

1. cry, scream, shriek [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Declension of sbḥ (masculine)

singular	sbḥ
dual	sbḥwj
plural	sbḥw

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 90.11–91.7
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 112