sathru

Welsh

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Welsh sathru, from Proto-Brythonic *salθrọd and Proto-Celtic *saltrāti. Cognate with Breton saotrañ (“to pollute”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈsaθrɨ̞/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈsaθri/
• Rhymes: -aθrɨ̞

Verb

sathru (first-person singular present sathraf, not mutable)

1. to trample

   Synonyms: mathru, damsang, sengi, sarnu

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	sathraf	sathri	sathra	sathrwn	sathrwch	sathrant	sathrir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	sathrwn	sathrit	sathrai	sathrem	sathrech	sathrent	sathrid
preterite	sathrais	sathraist	sathrodd	sathrasom	sathrasoch	sathrasant	sathrwyd
pluperfect	sathraswn	sathrasit	sathrasai	sathrasem	sathrasech	sathrasent	sathrasid, sathresid
present subjunctive	sathrwyf	sathrych	sathro	sathrom	sathroch	sathront	sathrer
imperative	—	sathra	sathred	sathrwn	sathrwch	sathrent	sathrer
verbal noun	sathru
verbal adjectives	sathredig sathradwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	sathra i, sathraf i	sathri di	sathrith o/e/hi, sathriff e/hi	sathrwn ni	sathrwch chi	sathran nhw
conditional	sathrwn i, sathrswn i	sathret ti, sathrset ti	sathrai fo/fe/hi, sathrsai fo/fe/hi	sathren ni, sathrsen ni	sathrech chi, sathrsech chi	sathren nhw, sathrsen nhw
preterite	sathrais i, sathres i	sathraist ti, sathrest ti	sathrodd o/e/hi	sathron ni	sathroch chi	sathron nhw
imperative	—	sathra	—	—	sathrwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

References

• Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎^[1], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sathru”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies