mathru
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Celtic *min-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-tew-oh₂. Cognate with Old Irish men (“flour, meal; fine powder, dust”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈmaθrɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈmaθri/
- Rhymes: -aθrɨ̞
Verb
[edit]mathru (first-person singular present sathraf)
- to trample
- (figurative) to dominate, to oppress
- Synonyms: arglwyddiaethu, gorthrymu, darostwng, dirmygu
- to defile, to pollute
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | mathraf | mathri | mathra | mathrwn | mathrwch | mathrant | mathrir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
mathrwn | mathrit | mathrai | mathrem | mathrech | mathrent | mathrid | |
| preterite | mathrais | mathraist | mathrodd | mathrasom | mathrasoch | mathrasant | mathrwyd | |
| pluperfect | mathraswn | mathrasit | mathrasai | mathrasem | mathrasech | mathrasent | mathrasid, mathresid | |
| present subjunctive | mathrwyf | mathrych | mathro | mathrom | mathroch | mathront | mathrer | |
| imperative | — | mathra | mathred | mathrwn | mathrwch | mathrent | mathrer | |
| verbal noun | mathru | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | mathredig mathradwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | m,athra i, m,athraf i | m,athri di | m,athrith o/e/hi, m,athriff e/hi | m,athrwn ni | m,athrwch chi | m,athran nhw |
| conditional | m,athrwn i, m,athrswn i | m,athret ti, m,athrset ti | m,athrai fo/fe/hi, m,athrsai fo/fe/hi | m,athren ni, m,athrsen ni | m,athrech chi, m,athrsech chi | m,athren nhw, m,athrsen nhw |
| preterite | m,athrais i, m,athres i | m,athraist ti, m,athrest ti | m,athrodd o/e/hi | m,athron ni | m,athroch chi | m,athron nhw |
| imperative | — | m,athra | — | — | m,athrwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| mathru | fathru | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary[1], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “mathru”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies