sꜥr

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ jꜥr (“to ascend”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛɑːr/
  • Conventional anglicization: sear

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to make ascend, to raise up

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜥr (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sꜥr

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sꜥrt, sꜥr sꜥrw, sꜥr sꜥrt sꜥr sꜥr ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sꜥr ḥr sꜥr m sꜥr r sꜥr suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sꜥr.n sꜥrw, sꜥr consecutive sꜥr.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sꜥrt perfective3 sꜥr active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sꜥr.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sꜥr active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sꜥrw, sꜥr, sꜥry sꜥrw, sꜥr, sꜥry potentialis1 sꜥr.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sꜥr active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sꜥr.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sꜥr active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜥr sꜥr, sꜥrw5, sꜥry5 imperfective sꜥr, sꜥry, sꜥrw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜥr, sꜥrj6, sꜥry6 sꜥr, sꜥrw5 prospective sꜥr, sꜥrtj7 — sꜥrwtj1 4, sꜥrtj4, sꜥrt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sꜥr  

sjꜥr

[Old Kingdom]

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 32.9–33.17, 48
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 174.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 125