sꜥḥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɑːh/
  • Conventional anglicization: sah

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to ennoble, to distinguish
2. (transitive) to wrap (the image of a god) in bandages
3. (transitive) to mummify
4. (intransitive, usually as part of a causative after rḏj) to be(come) distinguished or noble

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜥḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sꜥḥ, geminated stem: sꜥḥḥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sꜥḥ	sꜥḥw, sꜥḥ	sꜥḥt	sꜥḥ	sꜥḥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sꜥḥ	ḥr sꜥḥ	m sꜥḥ	r sꜥḥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sꜥḥ.n	sꜥḥw, sꜥḥ	consecutive	sꜥḥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sꜥḥt
perfective3	sꜥḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sꜥḥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sꜥḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sꜥḥ	sꜥḥḥ	potentialis1	sꜥḥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sꜥḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sꜥḥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sꜥḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥḥ	sꜥḥ, sꜥḥw5, sꜥḥy5
imperfective	sꜥḥ, sꜥḥy, sꜥḥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥḥ, sꜥḥj6, sꜥḥy6	sꜥḥ, sꜥḥw5
prospective	sꜥḥ, sꜥḥtj7	—	sꜥḥtj4, sꜥḥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sꜥḥ  

sꜥḥ

Noun

 m

1. distinction, rank, dignity

Inflection

Declension of sꜥḥ (masculine)

singular	sꜥḥ
dual	sꜥḥwj
plural	sꜥḥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sꜥḥ  

sꜥḥ

Noun

 m

1. dignitary, privileged or distinguished person
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 7–8:

     sꜥḥ ꜣḫ ḫnt sꜥḥw wꜣḥ jꜣwt smn ḥqꜣt sḫm nfr n(j) psḏt jmꜣ ḥr mrr mꜣ n.f rdj snḏ.f m tꜣw nb(w) n mr(w)t dm.sn rn.f r ḥꜣt […]

     Effective dignitary, foremost of dignitaries, enduring of office, established of reign, the fair power of the Ennead, gracious of face, the sight of whom is beloved, the awe of whom is set in all lands in order that they pronounce his name first, […]

Inflection

Declension of sꜥḥ (masculine)

singular	sꜥḥ
dual	sꜥḥwj
plural	sꜥḥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sꜥḥ  

sꜥḥ

Noun

 m

1. mummy

Inflection

Declension of sꜥḥ (masculine)

singular	sꜥḥ
dual	sꜥḥwj
plural	sꜥḥw

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 49.3–50.2, 50.8–52.15
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 214–215
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 362.