sꜥšꜣ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ꜥšꜣ (“to be numerous”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛɑːʃɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: seasha

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to multiply, to make numerous

Usage notes

The plural strokes in this word function as a determinative for numerousness.

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜥšꜣ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sꜥšꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sꜥšꜣ sꜥšꜣw, sꜥšꜣ sꜥšꜣt sꜥšꜣ sꜥšꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sꜥšꜣ ḥr sꜥšꜣ m sꜥšꜣ r sꜥšꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sꜥšꜣ.n sꜥšꜣw, sꜥšꜣ consecutive sꜥšꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sꜥšꜣt perfective3 sꜥšꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sꜥšꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sꜥšꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sꜥšꜣw, sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣy sꜥšꜣw, sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣy potentialis1 sꜥšꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sꜥšꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sꜥšꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sꜥšꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜥšꜣ sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣw5, sꜥšꜣy5 imperfective sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣy, sꜥšꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣj6, sꜥšꜣy6 sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣw5 prospective sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣtj7 — sꜥšꜣwtj1 4, sꜥšꜣtj4, sꜥšꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 175.