sꜣḫ

See also: sꜣḥ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ꜣḫ (“to be useful or effective”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛɑx/
  • Conventional anglicization: seakh

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to make useful or effective

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜣḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sꜣḫ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sꜣḫt, sꜣḫ sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ sꜣḫt sꜣḫ sꜣḫ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sꜣḫ ḥr sꜣḫ m sꜣḫ r sꜣḫ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sꜣḫ.n sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ consecutive sꜣḫ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sꜣḫt perfective3 sꜣḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sꜣḫ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sꜣḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ, sꜣḫy sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ, sꜣḫy potentialis1 sꜣḫ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sꜣḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sꜣḫ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sꜣḫ active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜣḫ sꜣḫ, sꜣḫw5, sꜣḫy5 imperfective sꜣḫ, sꜣḫy, sꜣḫw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜣḫ, sꜣḫj6, sꜣḫy6 sꜣḫ, sꜣḫw5 prospective sꜣḫ, sꜣḫtj7 — sꜣḫwtj1 4, sꜣḫtj4, sꜣḫt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 162.