sꜣḥ

See also: sꜣḫ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɑh/
  • Conventional anglicization: sah

Noun

 m

1. toe

Inflection

Declension of sꜣḥ (masculine)

singular	sꜣḥ
dual	sꜣḥwj
plural	sꜣḥw

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to set foot on, to arrive at
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 101–103:

     ḏꜥ pr(.w) jw.n m wꜣḏ-wr tp ꜥ sꜣḥ.n tꜣ

     A stormwind emerged while we were at sea, before we could set foot on land.

   • c. 1859 BCE – 1800 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B2 (pAmherst 2 and pBerlin 3025) lines 101–103:

     jr sqdd ẖr.f nj sꜣḥ.n.f tꜣ nj mjn.n dpwt.f r dmj.s

     As for him who sails with it, he cannot set foot on land, and his boat cannot moor at its harbor.

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜣḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sꜣḥ, geminated stem: sꜣḥḥ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sꜣḥ sꜣḥw, sꜣḥ sꜣḥt sꜣḥ sꜣḥ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sꜣḥ ḥr sꜣḥ m sꜣḥ r sꜣḥ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sꜣḥ.n sꜣḥw, sꜣḥ consecutive sꜣḥ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sꜣḥt perfective3 sꜣḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sꜣḥ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sꜣḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sꜣḥ sꜣḥḥ potentialis1 sꜣḥ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sꜣḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sꜣḥ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sꜣḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜣḥ sꜣḥ, sꜣḥw5, sꜣḥy5 imperfective sꜣḥ, sꜣḥy, sꜣḥw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜣḥ, sꜣḥj6, sꜣḥy6 sꜣḥ, sꜣḥw5 prospective sꜣḥ, sꜣḥtj7 — sꜣḥtj4, sꜣḥt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sꜣḥ  

sꜣḥ

Derived terms

• sꜣḥ-wj-rꜥ

Proper noun

 m

1. (astronomy) Orion (constellation)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 36.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 98