sḫr

See also: sẖr

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛxɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: sekher

Noun

 m

1. plan
2. idea, piece of advice
3. conduct
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.3–2.4:

     rdj.jn ṯꜣt(j) njs.t(w) nꜣy.f n(j) ẖrdw m ḫt ꜥrq.f sḫr r(m)ṯw bj(ꜣ)t.sn m jjt ḥr.f

     So the vizier let his children be summoned after he understood the conduct of people, their character being what had come upon him.

Inflection

Declension of sḫr (masculine)

singular	sḫr
dual	sḫrwj
plural	sḫrw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sḫr  

sḫrw	sḫr

Etymology 2

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ḫr (“to fall”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛxɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: sekher

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to fell, to cast down
2. (transitive) to lower one’s voice

Inflection

Conjugation of sḫr (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sḫr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sḫrt, sḫr	sḫrw, sḫr	sḫrt	sḫr	sḫr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sḫr	ḥr sḫr	m sḫr	r sḫr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sḫr.n	sḫrw, sḫr	consecutive	sḫr.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sḫrt
perfective3	sḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sḫr.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sḫrw, sḫr, sḫry	sḫrw, sḫr, sḫry	potentialis1	sḫr.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sḫr.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḫr	sḫr, sḫrw5, sḫry5
imperfective	sḫr, sḫry, sḫrw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḫr, sḫrj6, sḫry6	sḫr, sḫrw5
prospective	sḫr, sḫrtj7	—	sḫrwtj1 4, sḫrtj4, sḫrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sḫr  

sḫr

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛxɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: sekher

Verb

 3-lit.

1. Alternative form of sšr (“to coat, to stroke, to milk”)

Inflection

Conjugation of sḫr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sḫr, geminated stem: sḫrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sḫr	sḫrw, sḫr	sḫrt	sḫr	sḫr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sḫr	ḥr sḫr	m sḫr	r sḫr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sḫr.n	sḫrw, sḫr	consecutive	sḫr.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sḫrt
perfective3	sḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sḫr.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sḫr	sḫrr	potentialis1	sḫr.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sḫr.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḫr	sḫr, sḫrw5, sḫry5
imperfective	sḫr, sḫry, sḫrw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḫr, sḫrj6, sḫry6	sḫr, sḫrw5
prospective	sḫr, sḫrtj7	—	sḫrtj4, sḫrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 62, 68–70, 118, 228, 230, 317, 395.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 25