sḫpr

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ḫpr (“to come into being, to become”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛxɛpɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: sekheper

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to bring about
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 54–56:

     šdt.j ḏꜣ sḫpr.n.j ḫt jr.n.j z(b)j-n-sḏt n nṯrw

     I took a fire-stick, I made a fire, and I made a burnt offering to the gods.

Inflection

Conjugation of sḫpr (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sḫpr

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sḫpr sḫprw, sḫpr sḫprt sḫpr sḫpr ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sḫpr ḥr sḫpr m sḫpr r sḫpr suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sḫpr.n sḫprw, sḫpr consecutive sḫpr.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sḫprt perfective3 sḫpr active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sḫpr.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sḫpr active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sḫprw, sḫpr, sḫpry sḫprw, sḫpr, sḫpry potentialis1 sḫpr.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sḫpr active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sḫpr.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sḫpr active + .tj1, .tw2 sḫpr sḫpr, sḫprw5, sḫpry5 imperfective sḫpr, sḫpry, sḫprw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sḫpr, sḫprj6, sḫpry6 sḫpr, sḫprw5 prospective sḫpr, sḫprtj7 — sḫprwtj1 4, sḫprtj4, sḫprt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 174.