sḫdḫd

Egyptian

Etymology

Reduplication of sḫd (“to invert”), itself prefixed with s-.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛxɛdxɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: sekhedkhed

Verb

 caus. 4-lit.

1. (transitive) to invert

Inflection

Conjugation of sḫdḫd (causative quadriliteral / caus. 4-lit. / caus. 4rad.) — base stem: sḫdḫd

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sḫdḫd sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd sḫdḫdt sḫdḫd sḫdḫd ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sḫdḫd ḥr sḫdḫd m sḫdḫd r sḫdḫd suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sḫdḫd.n sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd consecutive sḫdḫd.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sḫdḫdt perfective3 sḫdḫd active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sḫdḫd.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sḫdḫd active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdy sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdy potentialis1 sḫdḫd.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sḫdḫd active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sḫdḫd.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sḫdḫd active + .tj1, .tw2 sḫdḫd sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdw5, sḫdḫdy5 imperfective sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdy, sḫdḫdw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdj6, sḫdḫdy6 sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdw5 prospective sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdtj7 — sḫdḫdwtj1 4, sḫdḫdtj4, sḫdḫdt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 158.