restreindre

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French rétraindre, from Old French restreindre, restraindre, borrowed from Latin restringere, and adapted in conjugation to étreindre (Old French estreindre).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃dʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

restreindre

1. to restrict, to limit
2. to restrain

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.

Conjugation of restreindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	restreindre
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	restreignant /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		restreint /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	restreins /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/	restreins /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/	restreint /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/	restreignons /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲɔ̃/	restreignez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲe/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲe/	restreignent /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/
	imperfect	restreignais /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲɛ/	restreignais /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲɛ/	restreignait /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲɛ/	restreignions /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲjɔ̃/	restreigniez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲje/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲje/	restreignaient /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲɛ/
	past historic2	restreignis /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲi/	restreignis /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲi/	restreignit /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲi/	restreignîmes /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲim/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲim/	restreignîtes /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲit/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲit/	restreignirent /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲiʁ/
	future	restreindrai /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/	restreindras /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/	restreindra /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/	restreindrons /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/	restreindrez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/	restreindront /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	restreindrais /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/	restreindrais /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/	restreindrait /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/	restreindrions /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/	restreindriez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/	restreindraient /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	restreigne /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/	restreignes /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/	restreigne /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/	restreignions /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲjɔ̃/	restreigniez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲje/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲje/	restreignent /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/
	imperfect2	restreignisse /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲis/	restreignisses /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲis/	restreignît /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲi/	restreignissions /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲi.sjɔ̃/	restreignissiez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲi.sje/	restreignissent /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	restreins /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/	—	restreignons /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲɔ̃/	restreignez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲe/ or /ʁɛs.tʁe.ɲe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• restreint
• étreindre

Further reading

• “restreindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.