qinisela

Xhosa

Etymology

From -qinisa +‎ -ela.

Verb

-qinisela^?

1. (transitive) to certify

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From -qinisa +‎ -ela.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǃiniséːla/

Verb

-qiniséla

1. (transitive) to persevere, to persist, to hold out

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuqinisela
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqinisela	ukungaqiniseli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qinisela	-qinisele
Plural	qiniselani	-qiniseleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqinisela, ngiqinisela	engiqiniselayo, engiqinisela	ngiqinisela	angiqiniseli	engingaqiniseli	ngingaqiniseli
2nd singular	uyaqinisela, uqinisela	oqiniselayo, oqinisela	uqinisela	awuqiniseli	ongaqiniseli	ungaqiniseli
1st plural	siyaqinisela, siqinisela	esiqiniselayo, esiqinisela	siqinisela	asiqiniseli	esingaqiniseli	singaqiniseli
2nd plural	niyaqinisela, niqinisela	eniqiniselayo, eniqinisela	niqinisela	aniqiniseli	eningaqiniseli	ningaqiniseli
Class 1	uyaqinisela, uqinisela	oqiniselayo, oqinisela	eqinisela	akaqiniseli	ongaqiniseli	engaqiniseli
Class 2	bayaqinisela, baqinisela	abaqiniselayo, abaqinisela	beqinisela	abaqiniseli	abangaqiniseli	bengaqiniseli
Class 3	uyaqinisela, uqinisela	oqiniselayo, oqinisela	uqinisela	awuqiniseli	ongaqiniseli	ungaqiniseli
Class 4	iyaqinisela, iqinisela	eqiniselayo, eqinisela	iqinisela	ayiqiniseli	engaqiniseli	ingaqiniseli
Class 5	liyaqinisela, liqinisela	eliqiniselayo, eliqinisela	liqinisela	aliqiniseli	elingaqiniseli	lingaqiniseli
Class 6	ayaqinisela, aqinisela	aqiniselayo, aqinisela	eqinisela	awaqiniseli	angaqiniseli	engaqiniseli
Class 7	siyaqinisela, siqinisela	esiqiniselayo, esiqinisela	siqinisela	asiqiniseli	esingaqiniseli	singaqiniseli
Class 8	ziyaqinisela, ziqinisela	eziqiniselayo, eziqinisela	ziqinisela	aziqiniseli	ezingaqiniseli	zingaqiniseli
Class 9	iyaqinisela, iqinisela	eqiniselayo, eqinisela	iqinisela	ayiqiniseli	engaqiniseli	ingaqiniseli
Class 10	ziyaqinisela, ziqinisela	eziqiniselayo, eziqinisela	ziqinisela	aziqiniseli	ezingaqiniseli	zingaqiniseli
Class 11	luyaqinisela, luqinisela	oluqiniselayo, oluqinisela	luqinisela	aluqiniseli	olungaqiniseli	lungaqiniseli
Class 14	buyaqinisela, buqinisela	obuqiniselayo, obuqinisela	buqinisela	abuqiniseli	obungaqiniseli	bungaqiniseli
Class 15	kuyaqinisela, kuqinisela	okuqiniselayo, okuqinisela	kuqinisela	akuqiniseli	okungaqiniseli	kungaqiniseli
Class 17	kuyaqinisela, kuqinisela	okuqiniselayo, okuqinisela	kuqinisela	akuqiniseli	okungaqiniseli	kungaqiniseli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqiniselile, ngiqiniselē	engiqiniselile, engiqiniselē	ngiqiniselile, ngiqiniselē	angiqiniselanga	engingaqiniselanga	ngingaqiniselanga
2nd singular	uqiniselile, uqiniselē	oqiniselile, oqiniselē	uqiniselile, uqiniselē	awuqiniselanga	ongaqiniselanga	ungaqiniselanga
1st plural	siqiniselile, siqiniselē	esiqiniselile, esiqiniselē	siqiniselile, siqiniselē	asiqiniselanga	esingaqiniselanga	singaqiniselanga
2nd plural	niqiniselile, niqiniselē	eniqiniselile, eniqiniselē	niqiniselile, niqiniselē	aniqiniselanga	eningaqiniselanga	ningaqiniselanga
Class 1	uqiniselile, uqiniselē	oqiniselile, oqiniselē	eqiniselile, eqiniselē	akaqiniselanga	ongaqiniselanga	engaqiniselanga
Class 2	baqiniselile, baqiniselē	abaqiniselile, abaqiniselē	beqiniselile, beqiniselē	abaqiniselanga	abangaqiniselanga	bengaqiniselanga
Class 3	uqiniselile, uqiniselē	oqiniselile, oqiniselē	uqiniselile, uqiniselē	awuqiniselanga	ongaqiniselanga	ungaqiniselanga
Class 4	iqiniselile, iqiniselē	eqiniselile, eqiniselē	iqiniselile, iqiniselē	ayiqiniselanga	engaqiniselanga	ingaqiniselanga
Class 5	liqiniselile, liqiniselē	eliqiniselile, eliqiniselē	liqiniselile, liqiniselē	aliqiniselanga	elingaqiniselanga	lingaqiniselanga
Class 6	aqiniselile, aqiniselē	aqiniselile, aqiniselē	eqiniselile, eqiniselē	awaqiniselanga	angaqiniselanga	engaqiniselanga
Class 7	siqiniselile, siqiniselē	esiqiniselile, esiqiniselē	siqiniselile, siqiniselē	asiqiniselanga	esingaqiniselanga	singaqiniselanga
Class 8	ziqiniselile, ziqiniselē	eziqiniselile, eziqiniselē	ziqiniselile, ziqiniselē	aziqiniselanga	ezingaqiniselanga	zingaqiniselanga
Class 9	iqiniselile, iqiniselē	eqiniselile, eqiniselē	iqiniselile, iqiniselē	ayiqiniselanga	engaqiniselanga	ingaqiniselanga
Class 10	ziqiniselile, ziqiniselē	eziqiniselile, eziqiniselē	ziqiniselile, ziqiniselē	aziqiniselanga	ezingaqiniselanga	zingaqiniselanga
Class 11	luqiniselile, luqiniselē	oluqiniselile, oluqiniselē	luqiniselile, luqiniselē	aluqiniselanga	olungaqiniselanga	lungaqiniselanga
Class 14	buqiniselile, buqiniselē	obuqiniselile, obuqiniselē	buqiniselile, buqiniselē	abuqiniselanga	obungaqiniselanga	bungaqiniselanga
Class 15	kuqiniselile, kuqiniselē	okuqiniselile, okuqiniselē	kuqiniselile, kuqiniselē	akuqiniselanga	okungaqiniselanga	kungaqiniselanga
Class 17	kuqiniselile, kuqiniselē	okuqiniselile, okuqiniselē	kuqiniselile, kuqiniselē	akuqiniselanga	okungaqiniselanga	kungaqiniselanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqinisela	engāqinisela	ngāqinisela	angiqiniselanga	engingaqiniselanga	ngingaqiniselanga
2nd singular	wāqinisela	owāqinisela	wāqinisela	awuqiniselanga	ongaqiniselanga	ungaqiniselanga
1st plural	sāqinisela	esāqinisela	sāqinisela	asiqiniselanga	esingaqiniselanga	singaqiniselanga
2nd plural	nāqinisela	enāqinisela	nāqinisela	aniqiniselanga	eningaqiniselanga	ningaqiniselanga
Class 1	wāqinisela	owāqinisela	āqinisela	akaqiniselanga	ongaqiniselanga	engaqiniselanga
Class 2	bāqinisela	abāqinisela	bāqinisela	abaqiniselanga	abangaqiniselanga	bengaqiniselanga
Class 3	wāqinisela	owāqinisela	wāqinisela	awuqiniselanga	ongaqiniselanga	ungaqiniselanga
Class 4	yāqinisela	eyāqinisela	yāqinisela	ayiqiniselanga	engaqiniselanga	ingaqiniselanga
Class 5	lāqinisela	elāqinisela	lāqinisela	aliqiniselanga	elingaqiniselanga	lingaqiniselanga
Class 6	āqinisela	āqinisela	āqinisela	awaqiniselanga	angaqiniselanga	engaqiniselanga
Class 7	sāqinisela	esāqinisela	sāqinisela	asiqiniselanga	esingaqiniselanga	singaqiniselanga
Class 8	zāqinisela	ezāqinisela	zāqinisela	aziqiniselanga	ezingaqiniselanga	zingaqiniselanga
Class 9	yāqinisela	eyāqinisela	yāqinisela	ayiqiniselanga	engaqiniselanga	ingaqiniselanga
Class 10	zāqinisela	ezāqinisela	zāqinisela	aziqiniselanga	ezingaqiniselanga	zingaqiniselanga
Class 11	lwāqinisela	olwāqinisela	lwāqinisela	aluqiniselanga	olungaqiniselanga	lungaqiniselanga
Class 14	bāqinisela	obāqinisela	bāqinisela	abuqiniselanga	obungaqiniselanga	bungaqiniselanga
Class 15	kwāqinisela	okwāqinisela	kwāqinisela	akuqiniselanga	okungaqiniselanga	kungaqiniselanga
Class 17	kwāqinisela	okwāqinisela	kwāqinisela	akuqiniselanga	okungaqiniselanga	kungaqiniselanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqinisela	—	ngingaqinisela	ngingeqinisele	—	ngingeqinisele
2nd singular	ungaqinisela	—	ungaqinisela	ungeqinisele	—	ungeqinisele
1st plural	singaqinisela	—	singaqinisela	singeqinisele	—	singeqinisele
2nd plural	ningaqinisela	—	ningaqinisela	ningeqinisele	—	ningeqinisele
Class 1	angaqinisela	—	engaqinisela	angeqinisele	—	engeqinisele
Class 2	bangaqinisela	—	bengaqinisela	bangeqinisele	—	bengeqinisele
Class 3	ungaqinisela	—	ungaqinisela	ungeqinisele	—	ungeqinisele
Class 4	ingaqinisela	—	ingaqinisela	ingeqinisele	—	ingeqinisele
Class 5	lingaqinisela	—	lingaqinisela	lingeqinisele	—	lingeqinisele
Class 6	angaqinisela	—	engaqinisela	angeqinisele	—	engeqinisele
Class 7	singaqinisela	—	singaqinisela	singeqinisele	—	singeqinisele
Class 8	zingaqinisela	—	zingaqinisela	zingeqinisele	—	zingeqinisele
Class 9	ingaqinisela	—	ingaqinisela	ingeqinisele	—	ingeqinisele
Class 10	zingaqinisela	—	zingaqinisela	zingeqinisele	—	zingeqinisele
Class 11	lungaqinisela	—	lungaqinisela	lungeqinisele	—	lungeqinisele
Class 14	bungaqinisela	—	bungaqinisela	bungeqinisele	—	bungeqinisele
Class 15	kungaqinisela	—	kungaqinisela	kungeqinisele	—	kungeqinisele
Class 17	kungaqinisela	—	kungaqinisela	kungeqinisele	—	kungeqinisele
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqinisela	engizoqinisela	ngizoqinisela	angizuqinisela	engingezuqinisela	ngingezuqinisela
2nd singular	uzoqinisela	ozoqinisela	uzoqinisela	awuzuqinisela	ongezuqinisela	ungezuqinisela
1st plural	sizoqinisela	esizoqinisela	sizoqinisela	asizuqinisela	esingezuqinisela	singezuqinisela
2nd plural	nizoqinisela	enizoqinisela	nizoqinisela	anizuqinisela	eningezuqinisela	ningezuqinisela
Class 1	uzoqinisela	ozoqinisela	ezoqinisela	akazuqinisela	ongezuqinisela	engezuqinisela
Class 2	bazoqinisela	abazoqinisela	bezoqinisela	abazuqinisela	abangezuqinisela	bengezuqinisela
Class 3	uzoqinisela	ozoqinisela	uzoqinisela	awuzuqinisela	ongezuqinisela	ungezuqinisela
Class 4	izoqinisela	ezoqinisela	izoqinisela	ayizuqinisela	engezuqinisela	ingezuqinisela
Class 5	lizoqinisela	elizoqinisela	lizoqinisela	alizuqinisela	elingezuqinisela	lingezuqinisela
Class 6	azoqinisela	azoqinisela	ezoqinisela	awazuqinisela	angezuqinisela	engezuqinisela
Class 7	sizoqinisela	esizoqinisela	sizoqinisela	asizuqinisela	esingezuqinisela	singezuqinisela
Class 8	zizoqinisela	ezizoqinisela	zizoqinisela	azizuqinisela	ezingezuqinisela	zingezuqinisela
Class 9	izoqinisela	ezoqinisela	izoqinisela	ayizuqinisela	engezuqinisela	ingezuqinisela
Class 10	zizoqinisela	ezizoqinisela	zizoqinisela	azizuqinisela	ezingezuqinisela	zingezuqinisela
Class 11	luzoqinisela	oluzoqinisela	luzoqinisela	aluzuqinisela	olungezuqinisela	lungezuqinisela
Class 14	buzoqinisela	obuzoqinisela	buzoqinisela	abuzuqinisela	obungezuqinisela	bungezuqinisela
Class 15	kuzoqinisela	okuzoqinisela	kuzoqinisela	akuzuqinisela	okungezuqinisela	kungezuqinisela
Class 17	kuzoqinisela	okuzoqinisela	kuzoqinisela	akuzuqinisela	okungezuqinisela	kungezuqinisela
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqinisela	engiyoqinisela	ngiyoqinisela	angiyuqinisela	engingeyuqinisela	ngingeyuqinisela
2nd singular	uyoqinisela	oyoqinisela	uyoqinisela	awuyuqinisela	ongeyuqinisela	ungeyuqinisela
1st plural	siyoqinisela	esiyoqinisela	siyoqinisela	asiyuqinisela	esingeyuqinisela	singeyuqinisela
2nd plural	niyoqinisela	eniyoqinisela	niyoqinisela	aniyuqinisela	eningeyuqinisela	ningeyuqinisela
Class 1	uyoqinisela	oyoqinisela	eyoqinisela	akayuqinisela	ongeyuqinisela	engeyuqinisela
Class 2	bayoqinisela	abayoqinisela	beyoqinisela	abayuqinisela	abangeyuqinisela	bengeyuqinisela
Class 3	uyoqinisela	oyoqinisela	uyoqinisela	awuyuqinisela	ongeyuqinisela	ungeyuqinisela
Class 4	iyoqinisela	eyoqinisela	iyoqinisela	ayiyuqinisela	engeyuqinisela	ingeyuqinisela
Class 5	liyoqinisela	eliyoqinisela	liyoqinisela	aliyuqinisela	elingeyuqinisela	lingeyuqinisela
Class 6	ayoqinisela	ayoqinisela	eyoqinisela	awayuqinisela	angeyuqinisela	engeyuqinisela
Class 7	siyoqinisela	esiyoqinisela	siyoqinisela	asiyuqinisela	esingeyuqinisela	singeyuqinisela
Class 8	ziyoqinisela	eziyoqinisela	ziyoqinisela	aziyuqinisela	ezingeyuqinisela	zingeyuqinisela
Class 9	iyoqinisela	eyoqinisela	iyoqinisela	ayiyuqinisela	engeyuqinisela	ingeyuqinisela
Class 10	ziyoqinisela	eziyoqinisela	ziyoqinisela	aziyuqinisela	ezingeyuqinisela	zingeyuqinisela
Class 11	luyoqinisela	oluyoqinisela	luyoqinisela	aluyuqinisela	olungeyuqinisela	lungeyuqinisela
Class 14	buyoqinisela	obuyoqinisela	buyoqinisela	abuyuqinisela	obungeyuqinisela	bungeyuqinisela
Class 15	kuyoqinisela	okuyoqinisela	kuyoqinisela	akuyuqinisela	okungeyuqinisela	kungeyuqinisela
Class 17	kuyoqinisela	okuyoqinisela	kuyoqinisela	akuyuqinisela	okungeyuqinisela	kungeyuqinisela
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqinisele	ngingaqiniseli
2nd singular	uqinisele	ungaqiniseli
1st plural	siqinisele	singaqiniseli
2nd plural	niqinisele	ningaqiniseli
Class 1	aqinisele	angaqiniseli
Class 2	baqinisele	bangaqiniseli
Class 3	uqinisele	ungaqiniseli
Class 4	iqinisele	ingaqiniseli
Class 5	liqinisele	lingaqiniseli
Class 6	aqinisele	angaqiniseli
Class 7	siqinisele	singaqiniseli
Class 8	ziqinisele	zingaqiniseli
Class 9	iqinisele	ingaqiniseli
Class 10	ziqinisele	zingaqiniseli
Class 11	luqinisele	lungaqiniseli
Class 14	buqinisele	bungaqiniseli
Class 15	kuqinisele	kungaqiniseli
Class 17	kuqinisele	kungaqiniseli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqinisela	ngangaqinisela, angaqinisela, angangaqinisela
2nd singular	waqinisela	wangaqinisela, awaqinisela, awangaqinisela
1st plural	saqinisela	sangaqinisela, asaqinisela, asangaqinisela
2nd plural	naqinisela	nangaqinisela, anaqinisela, anangaqinisela
Class 1	waqinisela	wangaqinisela, akaqinisela, akangaqinisela
Class 2	baqinisela	bangaqinisela, abaqinisela, abangaqinisela
Class 3	waqinisela	wangaqinisela, awaqinisela, awangaqinisela
Class 4	yaqinisela	yangaqinisela, ayaqinisela, ayangaqinisela
Class 5	laqinisela	langaqinisela, alaqinisela, alangaqinisela
Class 6	aqinisela	angaqinisela, awaqinisela, awangaqinisela
Class 7	saqinisela	sangaqinisela, asaqinisela, asangaqinisela
Class 8	zaqinisela	zangaqinisela, azaqinisela, azangaqinisela
Class 9	yaqinisela	yangaqinisela, ayaqinisela, ayangaqinisela
Class 10	zaqinisela	zangaqinisela, azaqinisela, azangaqinisela
Class 11	lwaqinisela	lwangaqinisela, alwaqinisela, alwangaqinisela
Class 14	baqinisela	bangaqinisela, abaqinisela, abangaqinisela
Class 15	kwaqinisela	kwangaqinisela, akwaqinisela, akwangaqinisela
Class 17	kwaqinisela	kwangaqinisela, akwaqinisela, akwangaqinisela

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qinisela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qinisela (3.3.2.9)”