protero

See also: protero-

Latin

Etymology

From prō- +‎ terō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈproː.te.roː/, [ˈproːt̪ɛroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpro.te.ro/, [ˈprɔːt̪ero]

Verb

prōterō (present infinitive prōterere, perfect active prōtrīvī, supine prōtrītum); third conjugation

1. to trample down, tread on something
   • 1st c. BC, Caesar, Dē Bellō Cīvīlī

     At equitātus hostium ab utrōque cornū circumīre aciem nostram et āversōs prōterere incipit. - Besides, the enemy's cavalry began to surround us on both wings and to trample down our rear. (Translated by W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn, 1869.)

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. to defeat, overthrow, maltreat, abuse
   • 1st c. BC, author unknown, Rhētōrica ad Gaium Herennium

     eam patiminī nunc ab homunculīs dēterrimīs prōterī atque conculcārī? - do you now allow [Rome] to be defeated and crushed by the worst weaklings?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 3rd c., Apuleius, Metamorphōseōn librī

     Sacra praetereuntur, templa dēfōrmantur, pulvīnāria prōteruntur, caerimōniae negleguntur, incorōnāta simulācra et ārae viduae frīgidō cinere foedātae. - Her ornaments were throwne out, her temples defaced, her pillowes and cushions torne, her ceremonies neglected, her images and Statues uncrowned, and her bare altars unswept, and fowl with the ashes of old burnt sacrifice. (Translated by William Adlington, 1566, reprinted in 1639).

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of prōterō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	prōterō	prōteris	prōterit	prōterimus	prōteritis	prōterunt
	imperfect	prōterēbam	prōterēbās	prōterēbat	prōterēbāmus	prōterēbātis	prōterēbant
	future	prōteram	prōterēs	prōteret	prōterēmus	prōterētis	prōterent
	perfect	prōtrīvī	prōtrīvistī	prōtrīvit	prōtrīvimus	prōtrīvistis	prōtrīvērunt, prōtrīvēre
	pluperfect	prōtrīveram	prōtrīverās	prōtrīverat	prōtrīverāmus	prōtrīverātis	prōtrīverant
	future perfect	prōtrīverō	prōtrīveris	prōtrīverit	prōtrīverimus	prōtrīveritis	prōtrīverint
passive	present	prōteror	prōtereris, prōterere	prōteritur	prōterimur	prōteriminī	prōteruntur
	imperfect	prōterēbar	prōterēbāris, prōterēbāre	prōterēbātur	prōterēbāmur	prōterēbāminī	prōterēbantur
	future	prōterar	prōterēris, prōterēre	prōterētur	prōterēmur	prōterēminī	prōterentur
	perfect	prōtrītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	prōtrītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	prōtrītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	prōteram	prōterās	prōterat	prōterāmus	prōterātis	prōterant
	imperfect	prōtererem	prōtererēs	prōtereret	prōtererēmus	prōtererētis	prōtererent
	perfect	prōtrīverim	prōtrīverīs	prōtrīverit	prōtrīverīmus	prōtrīverītis	prōtrīverint
	pluperfect	prōtrīvissem	prōtrīvissēs	prōtrīvisset	prōtrīvissēmus	prōtrīvissētis	prōtrīvissent
passive	present	prōterar	prōterāris, prōterāre	prōterātur	prōterāmur	prōterāminī	prōterantur
	imperfect	prōtererer	prōtererēris, prōtererēre	prōtererētur	prōtererēmur	prōtererēminī	prōtererentur
	perfect	prōtrītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	prōtrītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	prōtere	—	—	prōterite	—
	future	—	prōteritō	prōteritō	—	prōteritōte	prōteruntō
passive	present	—	prōterere	—	—	prōteriminī	—
	future	—	prōteritor	prōteritor	—	—	prōteruntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		prōterere	prōtrīvisse	prōtrītūrum esse	prōterī	prōtrītum esse	prōtrītum īrī
participles		prōterēns	—	prōtrītūrus	—	prōtrītus	prōterendus, prōterundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		prōterendī	prōterendō	prōterendum	prōterendō	prōtrītum	prōtrītū

Derived terms

• protervus

References

• “protero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “protero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• protero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.