praepes
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Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From prae- (“in front of; highly”) + pet- (“make for, move towards”) + -s (suffix marking the nominative singular of third-declension nouns and adjectives).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈprae̯.pes/, [ˈpräe̯pɛs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpre.pes/, [ˈprɛːpes]
Adjective
[edit]praepes (genitive praepetis); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)
- swift (of flight), rapid
- c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Thebaid 6.298:[2]
- dic inclyta, Phoebe, regentum
nomina, dic ipsos ; neque enim generosior umquam
alipedum conlata acies, ceu praepete cursu
confligant densae volucres aut litore in uno
Aeolus insanis statuat certamina ventis.- Tell, O Phoebus, the drivers' famous names, tell of the steeds themselves ; for never did nobler array of wing-footed coursers meet in conflict : even as serried ranks of birds compete in swift course or on a single shore Aeolus appoints a contest for the wild winds.
- dic inclyta, Phoebe, regentum
- c. 54 CE, Seneca the Younger, Phaedra 1061:[3]
- ut cepit animos seque praetemptans satis
prolusit irae, praepeti cursu evolat,
summam citato vix gradu tangens humum,
et torva currus ante trepidantis stetit.- When he has gained his spirit, and with full trial rehearsed his wrath, he darts forth, running swiftly, scarce touching the surface of the ground with flying feet, and stands, in grim menace, before the trembling steeds.
- ut cepit animos seque praetemptans satis
- Decimus Magnus Ausonius, Ephemeris 7:[4]
- Puer, notarum praepetum
sollers minister, advola.- Hi boy! My secretary, skilled in dashing shorthand, make haste and come!
- Puer, notarum praepetum
- winged
- prosperous, fortunate, lucky
- Synonym: fēlīx
- 239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales 1.89:
- Simul aureus exoritur sol / edunt de caelo ter quattuor corpora sancta / avium, praepetibus sese pulcrisque locis dant.
- 2018 translation by Sander M. Goldberg, Gesine Manuwald
- Just as the golden sun arises, there comes descending from the sky a dozen blessed bodies of birds, settling themselves on fine and favorable seats.
- 2018 translation by Sander M. Goldberg, Gesine Manuwald
- Simul aureus exoritur sol / edunt de caelo ter quattuor corpora sancta / avium, praepetibus sese pulcrisque locis dant.
Declension
[edit]Third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem).
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | praepes | praepetēs | — | ||
| Genitive | praepetis | praepetum | |||
| Dative | praepetī | praepetibus | |||
| Accusative | praepetem | praepes | praepetēs | — | |
| Ablative | praepete praepetī |
praepetibus | |||
| Vocative | praepes | praepetēs | — | ||
- Displays a mix of consonant-stem and i-stem forms. The ablative singular can end in -ī or -e. The consonant-stem genitive singular praepetum is found in Gellius and Servius (although in the case of the latter praepetium is a variant manuscript reading[5]). The neuter plural nominative/accusative/vocative form is not attested at all in Classical Latin. (The i-stem form praepetia can be found in some New Latin texts.)
References
[edit]- ^ Francis, E. D. (2009) [1973] “Particularum quarundam varietas: 'Prae' and 'pro'”, in Studies in Latin Language and Literature, Cambridge University Press, page 24
- ^ Statius with an English translation by J. H. Mozley, vol. II of two volumes, 1928, p. 82f.
- ^ Seneca's Tragedies with an English translation by Frank Justus Miller, vol. I of two, 1917, p. 404f.
- ^ Ausonius with an English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn White, vol. I of two, 1919, p. 24f.
- ^ Kaster, Robert A. (2018) Charles E. Murgia, editor, Serviani in Vergili Aeneidos libros IX-XII commentarii, Oxford University Press, page 512
Further reading
[edit]- “praepes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “praepes”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- praepes in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1223.
- Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for schools and colleges founded on comparative grammar, edited by J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, A. A. Howard and Benj. L. D'Ooge, 1903, p. 54: "The following [adjectives] have regularly [Ablative Singular] -ī: [...] praepes [...]." and "Always [Genitive Plural -um] in [...] praepes [...]."