plwʾnk'

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

• 𐫛𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫃 (prwʾng) — Manichaean

Etymology

From Old Iranian. Akin to Iranian borrowings Jewish Babylonian Aramaic פַרְוָונְקָא (parwānqā, “guide; messenger”), Classical Syriac ܦܲܪܘܵܢܩܵܐ (parwānqā, “guide; messenger”), Classical Mandaic ࡐࡀࡓࡅࡀࡍܩࡀ (parwānqā, “redeemer, savior”). Compare also Persian فرانه (farâne), فرانک (farânak).

Noun

plwʾnk' • (parwānag)

1. (Book Pahlavi) guide, leader

Descendants

• Persian: پروانک (parvânak), پروانه (parvâne)
  • → Azerbaijani: pərvanə
  • → Gujarati: પરવાનો (parvāno)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: परवाना (parvānā)

    Urdu: پَرْوَانَہ (parvāna)

  • → Ottoman Turkish: پروانه (pervāne)
    • Turkish: pervane, Pervane
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਪਰਵਾਨਾ (parvānā)

    Shahmukhi script: پروانہ (proānh)

  • → Uyghur: پەرۋانە (perwane)
  • → Uzbek: parvona
• → Arabic: فُرَانَق (furānaq)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “parwānag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 65