phonème
Appearance
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]phonème m (plural phonèmes)
- (phonetics, phonology) phoneme (indivisible unit of sound in a given language)
- Coordinate term: phone
- 1871, Antoni Dufriche-Desgenettes, Sur Les Voyelles Qui N'Appartiennent Point à la Langue Français in the Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris: ce phonème, qui fleurit aussi bien dans l’extrême Orient que dans notre Basse-Normandie, tient le milieu entre notre a grave et l’o grave moyen des mots fort! encore! etc.
- this sound, as abundant in the Far East as in our own Lower Normandy occupies the ground between our à sound and the middle o of words like fort! and encore!
- 1976, Roman Jakobson, Six Leçons Sur le Son et le Sens: Tout phonème suppose un réseau d’oppositions avec les autres phonèmes du même système. La thèse saussurienne précise: «Les phonèmes sont avant tout des entités oppositives, relative et négatives.»
- Every phoneme assumes a network of contrasts with other phonemes in the same system. In de Saussure's words: "Phonemes are defined above all by opposition, relativity, by what they are not."
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Dutch: foneem, phoneem (dated)
- → Indonesian: fonem
- → German: Phonem
- Greek: φώνημα n (fónima, “phoneme”)
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “phonème”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Categories:
- French terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- French learned borrowings from Ancient Greek
- French terms derived from Ancient Greek
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:Phonetics
- fr:Phonology
- French terms with quotations