perthyn

Welsh

Alternative forms

• perthynu

Etymology

From Middle Welsh perthyn, from Proto-Brythonic *perθɨnɨd, from Latin pertineō (“I relate to; I belong to”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛrθɨ̞n/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛrθɪn/

Verb

perthyn (first-person singular present perthynaf)

1. to belong

   Mae'r crys hwn yn perthyn i mi.

   This shirt belongs to me.

2. to be related

   Mae'r ferch yn perthyn i mi – fy chwaer yw hi.

   The girl is related to me – she's my sister.

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	perthynaf	perthyni	perthyn, perthyna	perthynwn	perthynwch	perthynant	perthynir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	perthynwn	perthynit	perthynai	perthynem	perthynech	perthynent	perthynid
preterite	perthynais	perthynaist	perthynodd	perthynasom	perthynasoch	perthynasant	perthynwyd
pluperfect	perthynaswn	perthynasit	perthynasai	perthynasem	perthynasech	perthynasent	perthynasid, perthynesid
present subjunctive	perthynwyf	perthynych	perthyno	perthynom	perthynoch	perthynont	perthyner
imperative	—	perthyn, perthyna	perthyned	perthynwn	perthynwch	perthynent	perthyner
verbal noun	perthyn
verbal adjectives	perthynedig perthynadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	perthyna i, perthynaf i	perthyni di	perthynith o/e/hi, perthyniff e/hi	perthynwn ni	perthynwch chi	perthynan nhw
conditional	perthynwn i, perthynswn i	perthynet ti, perthynset ti	perthynai fo/fe/hi, perthynsai fo/fe/hi	perthynen ni, perthynsen ni	perthynech chi, perthynsech chi	perthynen nhw, perthynsen nhw
preterite	perthynais i, perthynes i	perthynaist ti, perthynest ti	perthynodd o/e/hi	perthynon ni	perthynoch chi	perthynon nhw
imperative	—	perthyna	—	—	perthynwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• perthynas
• perthynol

Mutation

Mutated forms of perthyn

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
perthyn	berthyn	mherthyn	pherthyn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “perthynaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies