patskanis

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Latvian

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 patskanis on Latvian Wikipedia
Patskaņi

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From pats (self) +‎ skan(ēt) (to sound), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). A calque of German Selbstlaut (vowel) coined by Atis Kronvalds in the 1860s (initially as pašskanis). It competed with, and eventually replaced, other coinages such as G. F. Stenders' skandinieks, K. Biezbārdis' skanis, or A. Stērste's balsskanis. There was some variation (patskanis, pašskaņa, patskaņa) until the early 20th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form patskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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patskanis m (2nd declension)

  1. (phonetics, phonology) vowel
    uzsvērti un neuzsvērti patskaņistressed and unstressed vowels
    garie un īsie patskaņilong and short vowels
    patskaņu klasifikācijavowel classification
    šaurais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”)narrow, tense vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [ɛ])
    platais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”)broad, lax vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [æ])
    ritma, lāpāmais patskanisrhythmic vowel (added for prosodic or metric reasons)

Declension

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Synonyms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “patskanis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN