pûer

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pʷer (“ancient”), from Proto-Tupian *pʷet (“ancient”).

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní -re and Paraguayan Guaraní -kue.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpʷɛɾ]
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: pûer

Adjective

pûer (noun form pûera)

1. old; ancient (having existed for a long period of time)

   ybyrapûera ― old tree

   • 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Outra” (chapter XXVIII), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 29, column 1, lines 45–48; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 67:

     Derecocatupota / aroirô xerecopoera / Iporangatu derera / Ejori xerauçuba.

     [Nde rekokatu potá / aroŷrõ xe rekopûera / I porãngatu nde rera / Eîori xe raûsubá.]

     I want your virtue, I hate my old culture. Your name is so beautiful. Come pity me.

2. ex; former; then (previously but no longer)
3. obsolete
4. extinct
5. finished

Declension

    Declension of pûer (consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	momûer
Deadjectivals
-ba'e	i pûeryba'e
-sab(a)	pûesaba / pûeraba
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative	xe pûer	nde pûer	i pûer	oré pûer	îandé pûer	pe pûer
Imperative
Permissive	ta xe pûer	ta nde pûer	t'i pûer	t'oré pûer	t'îandé pûer	ta pe pûer
Negative indicative	na xe pûeri	na nde pûeri	n'i pûeri	n'oré pûeri	n'îandé pûeri	na pe pûeri
Negative imperative		nde pûer umẽ				pe pûer umẽ
Negative permissive	ta xe pûer umẽ	ta nde pûer umẽ	t'i pûer umẽ	t'oré pûer umẽ	t'îandé pûer umẽ	ta pe pûer umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	xe pûeramo	nde pûeramo	o pûeramo	oré pûeramo	îandé pûeramo	pe pûeramo
Negative	xe pûere'ymamo	nde pûere'ymamo	o pûere'ymamo	oré pûere'ymamo	îandé pûere'ymamo	pe pûere'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	pûera
Negative	pûere'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	same as gerund1
	xe pûeri2		i pûeri2	oré pûeri2	îandé pûeri2
Negative	same as gerund1
	xe pûere'ymi2		i pûere'ymi2	oré pûere'ymi2	îandé pûere'ymi2
1South Tupi 2North Tupi

Antonyms

• ram

Derived terms

• -pûer
• -pûeram
• pûeram
• -rambûer
• rambûer

Descendants

• Nheengatu: kwera

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2005) chapter 8, in Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos [Modern method of Old Tupi: the language of Brazil's early centuries]‎^[1] (in Portuguese), 3 edition, São Paulo: Global Editora, →ISBN, O tempo nominal em tupi, pages 108–110
• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “pûer”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 408–409