nuljahtaa
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]nulja- + -ahtaa, sound-symbolic[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]nuljahtaa
- (intransitive) to slip, slide
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of nuljahtaa (Kotus type 53*F/muistaa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | nuljahdan | en nuljahda | 1st sing. | olen nuljahtanut | en ole nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nuljahdat | et nuljahda | 2nd sing. | olet nuljahtanut | et ole nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nuljahtaa | ei nuljahda | 3rd sing. | on nuljahtanut | ei ole nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nuljahdamme | emme nuljahda | 1st plur. | olemme nuljahtaneet | emme ole nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nuljahdatte | ette nuljahda | 2nd plur. | olette nuljahtaneet | ette ole nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nuljahtavat | eivät nuljahda | 3rd plur. | ovat nuljahtaneet | eivät ole nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nuljahdetaan | ei nuljahdeta | passive | on nuljahdettu | ei ole nuljahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | nuljahdin | en nuljahtanut | 1st sing. | olin nuljahtanut | en ollut nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nuljahdit | et nuljahtanut | 2nd sing. | olit nuljahtanut | et ollut nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nuljahti | ei nuljahtanut | 3rd sing. | oli nuljahtanut | ei ollut nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nuljahdimme | emme nuljahtaneet | 1st plur. | olimme nuljahtaneet | emme olleet nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nuljahditte | ette nuljahtaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte nuljahtaneet | ette olleet nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nuljahtivat | eivät nuljahtaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat nuljahtaneet | eivät olleet nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nuljahdettiin | ei nuljahdettu | passive | oli nuljahdettu | ei ollut nuljahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | nuljahtaisin | en nuljahtaisi | 1st sing. | olisin nuljahtanut | en olisi nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nuljahtaisit | et nuljahtaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit nuljahtanut | et olisi nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nuljahtaisi | ei nuljahtaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi nuljahtanut | ei olisi nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nuljahtaisimme | emme nuljahtaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme nuljahtaneet | emme olisi nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nuljahtaisitte | ette nuljahtaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte nuljahtaneet | ette olisi nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nuljahtaisivat | eivät nuljahtaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat nuljahtaneet | eivät olisi nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nuljahdettaisiin | ei nuljahdettaisi | passive | olisi nuljahdettu | ei olisi nuljahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nuljahda | älä nuljahda | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nuljahtakoon | älköön nuljahtako | 3rd sing. | olkoon nuljahtanut | älköön olko nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nuljahtakaamme | älkäämme nuljahtako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nuljahtakaa | älkää nuljahtako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nuljahtakoot | älkööt nuljahtako | 3rd plur. | olkoot nuljahtaneet | älkööt olko nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nuljahdettakoon | älköön nuljahdettako | passive | olkoon nuljahdettu | älköön olko nuljahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | nuljahtanen | en nuljahtane | 1st sing. | lienen nuljahtanut | en liene nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nuljahtanet | et nuljahtane | 2nd sing. | lienet nuljahtanut | et liene nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nuljahtanee | ei nuljahtane | 3rd sing. | lienee nuljahtanut | ei liene nuljahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nuljahtanemme | emme nuljahtane | 1st plur. | lienemme nuljahtaneet | emme liene nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nuljahtanette | ette nuljahtane | 2nd plur. | lienette nuljahtaneet | ette liene nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nuljahtanevat | eivät nuljahtane | 3rd plur. | lienevät nuljahtaneet | eivät liene nuljahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nuljahdettaneen | ei nuljahdettane | passive | lienee nuljahdettu | ei liene nuljahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | nuljahtaa | present | nuljahtava | nuljahdettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | nuljahtanut | nuljahdettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | nuljahtaessa | nuljahdettaessa | agent4 | nuljahtama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | nuljahtamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | nuljahtaen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically. | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | nuljahtamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | nuljahtamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | nuljahtamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | nuljahtamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | nuljahtamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | nuljahtaman | nuljahdettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | nuljahtaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “nuljahtaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03