nirskua

Finnish

Etymology

Onomatopoeic +‎ -ua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnirskuɑˣ/, [ˈnirs̠kuɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -irskuɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): nirs‧kua

Verb

nirskua

1. (intransitive, of teeth) To grate.

Conjugation

Inflection of nirskua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		nirskun	en nirsku	1st sing.	olen nirskunut	en ole nirskunut
2nd sing.		nirskut	et nirsku	2nd sing.	olet nirskunut	et ole nirskunut
3rd sing.		nirskuu	ei nirsku	3rd sing.	on nirskunut	ei ole nirskunut
1st plur.		nirskumme	emme nirsku	1st plur.	olemme nirskuneet	emme ole nirskuneet
2nd plur.		nirskutte	ette nirsku	2nd plur.	olette nirskuneet	ette ole nirskuneet
3rd plur.		nirskuvat	eivät nirsku	3rd plur.	ovat nirskuneet	eivät ole nirskuneet
passive		nirskutaan	ei nirskuta	passive	on nirskuttu	ei ole nirskuttu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		nirskuin	en nirskunut	1st sing.	olin nirskunut	en ollut nirskunut
2nd sing.		nirskuit	et nirskunut	2nd sing.	olit nirskunut	et ollut nirskunut
3rd sing.		nirskui	ei nirskunut	3rd sing.	oli nirskunut	ei ollut nirskunut
1st plur.		nirskuimme	emme nirskuneet	1st plur.	olimme nirskuneet	emme olleet nirskuneet
2nd plur.		nirskuitte	ette nirskuneet	2nd plur.	olitte nirskuneet	ette olleet nirskuneet
3rd plur.		nirskuivat	eivät nirskuneet	3rd plur.	olivat nirskuneet	eivät olleet nirskuneet
passive		nirskuttiin	ei nirskuttu	passive	oli nirskuttu	ei ollut nirskuttu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		nirskuisin	en nirskuisi	1st sing.	olisin nirskunut	en olisi nirskunut
2nd sing.		nirskuisit	et nirskuisi	2nd sing.	olisit nirskunut	et olisi nirskunut
3rd sing.		nirskuisi	ei nirskuisi	3rd sing.	olisi nirskunut	ei olisi nirskunut
1st plur.		nirskuisimme	emme nirskuisi	1st plur.	olisimme nirskuneet	emme olisi nirskuneet
2nd plur.		nirskuisitte	ette nirskuisi	2nd plur.	olisitte nirskuneet	ette olisi nirskuneet
3rd plur.		nirskuisivat	eivät nirskuisi	3rd plur.	olisivat nirskuneet	eivät olisi nirskuneet
passive		nirskuttaisiin	ei nirskuttaisi	passive	olisi nirskuttu	ei olisi nirskuttu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		nirsku	älä nirsku	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		nirskukoon	älköön nirskuko	3rd sing.	olkoon nirskunut	älköön olko nirskunut
1st plur.		nirskukaamme	älkäämme nirskuko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		nirskukaa	älkää nirskuko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		nirskukoot	älkööt nirskuko	3rd plur.	olkoot nirskuneet	älkööt olko nirskuneet
passive		nirskuttakoon	älköön nirskuttako	passive	olkoon nirskuttu	älköön olko nirskuttu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		nirskunen	en nirskune	1st sing.	lienen nirskunut	en liene nirskunut
2nd sing.		nirskunet	et nirskune	2nd sing.	lienet nirskunut	et liene nirskunut
3rd sing.		nirskunee	ei nirskune	3rd sing.	lienee nirskunut	ei liene nirskunut
1st plur.		nirskunemme	emme nirskune	1st plur.	lienemme nirskuneet	emme liene nirskuneet
2nd plur.		nirskunette	ette nirskune	2nd plur.	lienette nirskuneet	ette liene nirskuneet
3rd plur.		nirskunevat	eivät nirskune	3rd plur.	lienevät nirskuneet	eivät liene nirskuneet
passive		nirskuttaneen	ei nirskuttane	passive	lienee nirskuttu	ei liene nirskuttu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		nirskua		present	nirskuva	nirskuttava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st nirskuakseni nirskuaksemme 2nd nirskuaksesi nirskuaksenne 3rd nirskuakseen nirskuaksensa		past	nirskunut	nirskuttu
2nd	inessive2	nirskuessa	nirskuttaessa	agent4	nirskuma
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st nirskuessani nirskuessamme 2nd nirskuessasi nirskuessanne 3rd nirskuessaan nirskuessansa		negative	nirskumaton
	instructive	nirskuen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	nirskumassa	—
	elative	nirskumasta	—
	illative	nirskumaan	—
	adessive	nirskumalla	—
	abessive	nirskumatta	—
	instructive	nirskuman	nirskuttaman
4th3	verbal noun	nirskuminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st nirskumaisillani nirskumaisillamme 2nd nirskumaisillasi nirskumaisillanne 3rd nirskumaisillaan nirskumaisillansa

Synonyms

• narskua

Derived terms

• nirskahtaa
• nirskunta
• nirskuttaa

 

Further reading

• “nirskua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• riuskan