niaukti
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Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of unclear origin. Persson compares the word to obscure Latin nuscitiones (“having impaired sight at night”), taking the Latin pre-form as *nuc-scos.[1] Seebold's attempt to connect this lemma with Old English nīpan (“grow dark”) via a hypothetical pre-form *(kʷ)niaukʷ- is very much ad hoc.[2]
The similarity between niáukti and niaurùs (“sullen”), niūrùs (“gloomy, moody”) has been noted. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]niáukti (third-person present tense niáukia, third-person past tense niáukė)
- (transitive, of clouds) overcast, darken, cover
- (transitive, figuratively) make gloomy, sully
Declension
[edit]Conjugation of niaukti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
niáukiu | niáuki | niáukia | niáukiame, niáukiam |
niáukiate, niáukiat |
niáukia | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
niáukiau | niáukei | niáukė | niáukėme, niáukėm |
niáukėte, niáukėt |
niáukė | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
niáukdavau | niáukdavai | niáukdavo | niáukdavome, niáukdavom |
niáukdavote, niáukdavot |
niáukdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
niáuksiu | niáuksi | niáuks | niáuksime, niáuksim |
niáuksite, niáuksit |
niáuks | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
niáukčiau | niáuktum | niáuktų | niáuktumėme, niáuktumėm, niáuktume |
niáuktumėte, niáuktumėt |
niáuktų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | niáuk, niáuki |
teniáukia | niáukime, niáukim |
niáukite, niáukit |
teniáukia | ||
Participles of niaukti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | niáukiąs, niáukiantis | niáukiamas | |
| past | niáukęs | niáuktas | |
| past frequentative | niáukdavęs | — | |
| future | niáuksiąs, niáuksiantis | niáuksimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | niáuktinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | niáukdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | niáukiant | |
| past | niáukus | ||
| past frequentative | niáukdavus | ||
| future | niáuksiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | niáukte, niáuktinai | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) “niáukti”, in Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume I, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 499-500
- ^ “niaukti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012