nḏ

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nd"

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: nedj

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to inquire, to ask

Inflection

Conjugation of nḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: nḏ, geminated stem: nḏḏ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural nḏ nḏw, nḏ nḏt nḏ, j.nḏ nḏ, j.nḏ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 nḏ ḥr nḏ m nḏ r nḏ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect nḏ.n nḏw, nḏ consecutive nḏ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative nḏt perfective3 nḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 nḏ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective nḏ, j.nḏ1 active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 nḏ nḏḏ potentialis1 nḏ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive nḏ, j.nḏ1 active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect nḏ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective nḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 nḏ nḏḏ, nḏḏj6, nḏ2, nḏw2 5, nḏy2 5 imperfective j.nḏ1, nḏ, nḏy, nḏw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 j.nḏ1, j.nḏw1 5, nḏ, nḏj6, nḏy6 nḏ, nḏw5 prospective nḏ, nḏtj7 — nḏtj4, nḏt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nḏ  

nḏ

Derived terms

• j.nḏ ḥr
• nḏnḏ
• nḏ r
• nḏt-ḥr

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to protect, to preserve, to save

Inflection

Conjugation of nḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: nḏ, geminated stem: nḏḏ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural nḏ nḏw, nḏ nḏt nḏ, j.nḏ nḏ, j.nḏ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 nḏ ḥr nḏ m nḏ r nḏ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect nḏ.n nḏw, nḏ consecutive nḏ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative nḏt perfective3 nḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 nḏ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective nḏ, j.nḏ1 active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 nḏ nḏḏ potentialis1 nḏ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive nḏ, j.nḏ1 active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect nḏ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective nḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 nḏ nḏḏ, nḏḏj6, nḏ2, nḏw2 5, nḏy2 5 imperfective j.nḏ1, nḏ, nḏy, nḏw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 j.nḏ1, j.nḏw1 5, nḏ, nḏj6, nḏy6 nḏ, nḏw5 prospective nḏ, nḏtj7 — nḏtj4, nḏt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• ḥr-nḏ-jt.f

Noun

 m

1. flour

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nḏ  

nḏw

[New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲧ (naeit)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲱⲓⲧ (nōit)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲏⲧ (naēt), ⲛⲁⲓⲧ (nait)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲉⲓⲧ (noeit)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 370.16–371.14, 374.2–374.14
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 143
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 257, 339.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 163